Factors associated with the detection of norovirus among asymptomatic adults

Kobayashi, Daiki; Yokota, Kyoko; Yamagata-Uyama, Shizuka; Saito, Mayuko

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.004

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this study, the median Ct value of GI was 32.6, and GII was 35.1. This is consistent with the results of Kobayashi et al for Ct values in asymptomatic adults, GI (34.4) and GII (35.4) ( 13 ). These results prove that asymptomatic norovirus infections have higher Ct values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Asymptomatic Norovirus Infection Among Children in Kindergartens and Primary Schools — Beijing Municipality, China, 2021

Wu¹,

Wei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

China CDC Weekly

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What is already known about this topic?Children in kindergartens and primary schools are the high-incidence groups of norovirus acute gastroenteritis. However, asymptomatic norovirus infection among them is seldom reported. What is added by this report?The norovirus positive rate was 3.48% among asymptomatic children in kindergartens and primary schools in Beijing Municipality in June 2021, the most common genotype was GII.4 Sydney, and no acute gastroenteritis outbreak was reported over the study period. What are the implications for public health practice?The asymptomatic norovirus infection was relatively low among kindergarten children and primary school students in summer. Norovirus genotypes in asymptomatic children were similar to those circulating in the symptomatic cases. Asymptomatic norovirus infection may play a limited role in causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…GII norovirus was associated with diarrhea when the Ct value was ≤25 (11). Shioda et al found that the Ct value of norovirus infection in symptomatic cases (25.3±1.2) was lower than in asymptomatic persons (28.5±1.4) (12). In this 100 Note: Norovirus strains detected in this study were marked with black squares.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Asymptomatic Norovirus Infection Among Children in Kindergartens and Primary Schools — Beijing Municipality, China, 2021

Wu¹,

Wei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

China CDC Weekly

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“…Prior asymptomatic hNoV infection before the berry consumption, which resulted in acquired immunity of the participants, might be another explanation of the participants being resistant to hNoV exposure. Kobayashi et al [15] recently reported a norovirus detection rate of 2.5% in asymptomatic adults by investigating15,532 participants. Indeed, the presence of low levels of hNoV genomes (GI or GII, Ct values ≥ 35) in the stool samples was observed in 10 out of the 16 participants before they consumed berries with positive hNoV RT-qPCR signals (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Clinical Symptom Experienced after Consumption of Berry Fruits with Positive RT-qPCR Signals of Human Norovirus

et al. 2021

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Human noroviruses (hNoVs) are the most important foodborne viruses, and soft berries are one of the most common food sources of hNoV outbreaks and contamination. This paper presents a human volunteer study in order to investigate the correlation between molecular detection results of hNoV in berries with the public health risks. The participants with diverse histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) phenotypes were required to consume self-purchased berries and meanwhile submit aliquots of the products for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection. As a result, none of the 20 participants reported any hNoV infection-like symptoms after six independent consumptions (120 consumptions in total). In contrast, within the 68 berry samples with >1% virus recoveries, 28 samples were detected to be positive for hNoV GI and/or GII (the positive rate at 41%). All of the positive signals were below the limit of quantification (<120 genome copies/g) except one fresh strawberry sample at 252 genome copies/g. It is expected that this study would contribute to the definition of quantitative standards for risk assessment purposes in the future.

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“…As for the background of the participants in health checkups, 69.3% of those who underwent health checkups were participants in corporate health checkups. It has previously been reported that those who voluntarily underwent the health checkups at St. Luke's International Hospital have relatively higher socioeconomic status compared to the general population [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Low-Normal Free T4 Levels With Future Major Depression Development

Odawara

Shimbo

Yamauchi

et al. 2023

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Context Hyperthyroidism and overt and subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with major depression; however, the association of major depression across the spectrum of thyroid function within the normal range is unknown. Objective We investigated whether higher or lower levels of free thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) within the normal range are associated with major depression. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 66,960 participants with normal thyroid function who visited for health checkups (St. Luke’s International Hospital, 2005-2018). The primary outcome was the development of major depression during the follow-up period. Participants were divided into three equal groups based on baseline free T4 or TSH values (low-, middle-, or high-normal), and the incidence of major depression was compared using the Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for potential covariates. Results During the median follow-up of 1,883 days, 1,363 (2.0%) patients developed major depression. The low-normal free T4 group had a significantly higher risk of major depression (adjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31), but not in the high-normal free T4 group or TSH groups. The association between low-normal free T4 and the development of major depression was still maintained, rather more obvious when we analyzed the data excluding participants whose thyroid hormone levels became abnormal during follow-up period compared to when we analyzed the data with all participants (adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07–1.43). Conclusion In this cohort, low-normal free T4 was associated with an increased risk of future major depression, even if subsequent hormone levels were maintained within the normal range. The magnitude of the impact of low-normal free T4 was relatively mild.

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Factors associated with the detection of norovirus among asymptomatic adults

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Asymptomatic Norovirus Infection Among Children in Kindergartens and Primary Schools — Beijing Municipality, China, 2021

Asymptomatic Norovirus Infection Among Children in Kindergartens and Primary Schools — Beijing Municipality, China, 2021

No Clinical Symptom Experienced after Consumption of Berry Fruits with Positive RT-qPCR Signals of Human Norovirus

Association of Low-Normal Free T4 Levels With Future Major Depression Development

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