Factors Associated with Substance Use Disorder among Adolescents Age Group: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Aim: Reviewing the existed literature that addresses the factors influencing adolescent's substance use disorder. Background: Substance use disorder among adolescents considered a major problem worldwide that affects adolescents wellbeing and destroys their functionality socially, physically and psychologically. Data Sources: A review of relevant literature uses electronic databases including EBSCO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed. Methods: Using an integrative method, peer-reviewed research and discussion papers published between 2011 and 2019 and listed in the CINAHL, SCOPUS, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. Findings: A final review of 9 studies that used quantitative and qualitative research methods to study many factors was related to the substance use disorder. Themes were: Influence of psychological factors on adolescents. Influence of socio-cultural factors on adolescents, the influence of biological factors on adolescents and the influence of environmental factors on adolescents. Conclusions: Reviewed articles revealed that many psychological, biological, socio-cultural, and environmental factors that increase adolescents risk having substance use disorder. For example, stressful life events during adolescents like loss of someone increase the risk to take illicit substances in order to forget painful memory; personal tendency like curiosity and experimentation, increase the risk to have risk health behaviors like substance use disorder. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period that youth need more supervision and health education to protect them from Substance use disorder.

Nearly One-Fourth of Eastern Ethiopian Adolescents are Current Psychoactive Substance Users: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…34,49,50 Hence, any enabling factors from family, friends, and other surroundings could lead adolescents to be psychoactive substance users. 51,52 The psychoactive substance use rate was 2 times more likely among those adolescents who easily got the substance nearby their living area. This finding is supported by the reports from the USA, 53 South Africa, 54 and Abu Dhabi.…”

“… 34 , 49 , 50 Hence, any enabling factors from family, friends, and other surroundings could lead adolescents to be psychoactive substance users. 51 , 52 …”

Self‐care neglect through the voices of nurses working in primary healthcare clinics in Gauteng, South Africa

“…Effective treatment and routine medical check‐ups are imperative to promote more effective and longer‐term prevention of cardiovascular disease, resulting in greater protection of the workforce capacity. 41 , 42 Khalil and Hamdan‐Mansour 43 further assert that nonadherence to an individual's treatment plan, including medication and other health activities, will compromise their well‐being and social, physical and psychological functioning. A study by Khatony et al 44 reported that nurses and nursing students often decide to self‐medicate because they want to avoid consulting doctors.…”

Risk Factors Associated with Substance Abuse among Adolescents

“…Adolescence is a fundamental developmental period that appears to be essential with regard to substance use initiation as well as the development of mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use [2]. This stage of life is a dynamic developmental period and involves physical, emotional, social, and psychological changes which makes them more vulnerable to health risk behaviors like substance use disorders [3] Over the years, the number of young people using illicit drugs has significantly increased and the age of onset of use keeps dropping. Youths aged between 18 years and 25 years old constitute the populace that demonstrates the most vulnerable traits to psychoactive drug misuse, at the same time, young people between 11 and 17 years accounted for the second most astounding populace with vulnerability to drug abuse [4].…”