“…In the literature (Bean, 1982;Casanova et al, 2018;Lombardi et al, 2019;Spady, 1970;Tinto, 1987), models highlighting the various reasons that can lead to a student leaving an educational institution are available. Many factors, including classroom management and teacher-student relationships, missed deadlines, tough instructors, overly complex assignments, and a lack of understanding of the course material, have been investigated in an effort to better understand why some students struggle with and eventually abandon their education (Kuh et al, 2006;Longden, 2004;Obispo et al, 2021;Sherimon et al, 2021). The literature reviewed here examined the issue of student attrition from the perspective of social structures and forces, including the student's university environment, family background, early socialisation mechanisms, and the encouragement and backing they receive from friends, family, and institutions.…”