Factors associated with stigma attitude towards people living with HIV among general individuals in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

Li, Xin; Yuan, Lili; Li, Xiaoxia; Shi, Jingli; Jiang, Liying; Zhang, Chundi; Yang, Xiaoxuan; Zhang, Yeli; Zhao, Donghui; Zhao, Yong

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2216-0

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fifty-nine percent of Thai adults had discriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV based on the UNAIDS definition. The rate of discrimination in Thailand was higher than what was found in China [ 35 ], Hong Kong [ 36 ], Kenya [ 37 ], and Vietnam [ 38 ]. However, direct comparisons between these studies and ours is not possible due to discrepancies in the methodologies and measurements used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the past, many countries measured HIV stigma in the general population by either conducting separate surveys [ 35 – 37 ], integrating relevant questions into the DHS, AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) [ 42 ] or Multiple Indicator Cluster surveys [ 38 ]. However, the questions and methodologies used varied and a composite indicator to inform the overall situation could not be drawn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV among general adult Thai population: Results from the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES)

Srithanaviboonchai

Chariyalertsak

Nontarak³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundHIV-related stigma and discrimination is a significant driver of the HIV and AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS encourages all nations to monitor progress toward elimination of this problem. This study measured the level of stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLHIV) among Thai adults in the general population using recommended global tools.MethodsData from the 5th National Health Examination Survey, conducted in 2014 were used. The survey utilized six questions recommended by the Global Stigma and Discrimination Indicator Working Group and was administered to participants aged 20–59 years old. All analyses were weighted to take into account of the probability of sampling the same-age Thai population. Factors related to a discriminatory attitude according to UNAIDS, defined as agreed to at least one of the two discriminatory issues, were evaluated using Chi square tested and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf the 10,522 respondents, the most prevalent stigmatizing attitude was anticipated stigma (76.9%), followed by perceived stigma (69.2%), fear of HIV infection (57.0%), and social judgment (38.2%). Fifty-eight point six percent had discriminatory attitudes according to the UNAIDS global indicator. Independent predictors were being female (AOR = 1.21: 95% CI 1.14–1.29), aged 20–39 (AOR = 1.19: 95% CI 1.09–1.30) or 50–59 (AOR = 1.18: 95%CI 1.12–1.26), being Muslim (AOR = 2.03: 95%CI 1.55–2.66), earning < 10,000 Baht/month (AOR = 0.93: 95%CI 0.88–0.99), and living in the Northeast (AOR = 1.67: 95%CI 1.39–2.00) or in Bangkok (AOR = 1.73: 95%CI 1.45–2.07).ConclusionsMore than half of the general adult Thai population had stigmatizing attitudes toward PLHIV. The study provided valuable baseline information which could be used as comparison for follow-up surveys with other countries. Interventions to improve Thai society’s knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV among general adult Thai population: Results from the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES)

Srithanaviboonchai

Chariyalertsak

Nontarak³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…For example, one study in rural Uganda showed that internalized stigma has increased over time among PLWHA [ 15 ]. In China, A recent study conducted in individuals from the general population found that the level of stigma towards PLWHA is higher in rural areas than in urban areas [ 16 ]. Another study focusing on HIV stigma among older PLWHA from south rural China found that 18.1% reported experiencing external stigma compared with 64.3% experiencing internal stigma [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Central China

Zhen

Morano

Khoshnood³

et al. 2018

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundHIV-related stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been associated with many negative consequences, including poor adherence to therapy and undue psychological stress. However, the relative influence of specific demographic and situational factors contributing to HIV-related stigma among rural PLWHA in central China remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the level of HIV-related stigma among rural PLWHA across specific demographic and situational factors in central China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHA receiving care through the Chinese Centers for Disease Control of Zhenping county in Henan Province, China. Participants completed a 55-item questionnaire which included demographic and disease-related factors, HIV-related stigma was measured utilizing the validated Berger HIV Stigma Scale which has good psychometric characteristics in Chinese PLWHA.ResultsA total of 239 PLWHA completed the survey. The mean total HIV-related stigma score was 105.92 (SD = 12.35, 95% CI: 104.34, 107.49). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a higher level of HIV-related stigma in younger PLWHA (β = − 0.57, 95% CI = − 0.78,-0.35, p<0.001) and those who self-reported opportunistic infections (β = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.26, 11.26, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings in the current study suggest that rural PLWHA in central China suffer from the burden of HIV-related stigma at a moderate to high level. Younger PLWHA and PLWHA that have opportunistic infections tend to perceive a higher level of HIV stigma.

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“…A previous study stated that stigma and discrimination create psychological problems for patients, such as limited social life, low self-esteem, anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts, and emotional distress based on their limited reception in healthcare facilities, thus worsening their health condition. 15,16 A study by Li X et al 17 showed that education levels, including primary, secondary, and tertiary education, do not improve most respondents' negative perceptions on social stigma of HIV/AIDS. Another advanced study shows that a low education level creates a negative stigma against PLWHA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of People Living With Hiv/Aids to Stigma Community About Hiv/Aids in District Sukoharjo

Haryanti

Wartini

2019

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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The negative social perception of people infected with HIV/AIDS is one obstacle to successful HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Sukoharjo District. This study aimed to examine the relationship between causative factors and duration of suffering from HIV/AIDS and negative perception and social stigma for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Sukoharjo District. This study used an analytical descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was 256 PLWHA through April 2016, with a sample of 156 people using a quota sampling technique. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with linear regression were conducted. Results showed that most respondents were 30-40 years old (69.2%), male (60.9%), secondary school graduates (44.2%), private employees (30.8%), suffering from HIV/AIDS less than 5 years (66.7%), affected by HIV/AIDS because of free sex (55.8%), and having negative perceptions about the social stigma of HIV/AIDS (67.9%). Statistical testing showed that age (p-value = 0.001) and the last education (pvalue = 0.015) were related to negative perception and social stigma about PLWHA. Multiple regression testing indicated that age and the last education level of respondents both influenced their perceptions, but education level was more influential than age.

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Factors associated with stigma attitude towards people living with HIV among general individuals in Heilongjiang, Northeast China

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV among general adult Thai population: Results from the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES)

Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV among general adult Thai population: Results from the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES)

HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Central China

Perception of People Living With Hiv/Aids to Stigma Community About Hiv/Aids in District Sukoharjo

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