Factors associated with shorter night-time sleep in toddlers: The Survey of Young Canadians

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Adequate sleep in childhood is important for healthy development. No information exists on the predictors of night-time sleep among toddlers in Canada. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and to identify factors associated with sleeping <11 consecutive hours per night among children aged 1-2 years in Canada.METHODS: Data from the cross sectional Survey of Young Canadians (SYC) 2010 were used. The biological mother reported on toddlers' sleep duration at night. Based on cut-off values used in previous studies, shorter night-time sleep was defined as sleeping <11 hours per night. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the associations between socio-demographic, maternal, sleep and child-related variables with shorter sleep at night. RESULTS:Analysis of 3675 toddlers revealed that 57% slept <11 hours per night. Results of the regression analysis showed that being from an immigrant family was significantly associated with shorter night-time sleep. Being from a higher income household, having a mother aged between 25 and 34 years at the time of the survey, and napping ≥2 hours during the day were significantly related to sleeping ≥11 hours per night. Other socio-demographic, maternal and child-related variables were not associated with night-time sleep.CONCLUSION: This was the first population-based, nationally representative study to examine factors related to shorter night-time sleep in Canadian toddlers. Socio-demographic factors and nap duration were associated with night-time sleep duration. More adequate early childhood sleep hygiene awareness efforts are recommended, especially in vulnerable populations.KEY WORDS: Children; sleep duration; factors; Canada La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

Towards A Socioeconomic Model of Sleep Health among the Canadian Population: A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Age, Income, Employment, Education, Social Class, Socioeconomic Status and Sleep Disparities

“…Nineteen studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] were included and covered the last two decades, with the oldest published in 2001 [ 29 ] and the newest in 2020 [ 44 ]. As shown in Table 2 , among the 19 studies, 16 were cross-sectional studies [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and three were longitudinal studies [ 27 , 36 , 38 ]. Six studies [ 26 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 42 , 43 ] have only children and/or adolescents as participants, whereas 12 studies [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ,…”

“…As shown in Table 2 , among the 19 studies, 16 were cross-sectional studies [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and three were longitudinal studies [ 27 , 36 , 38 ]. Six studies [ 26 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 42 , 43 ] have only children and/or adolescents as participants, whereas 12 studies [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 44 ] have only adult participants and one study [ 37 ] has both types of participants. Ages ranged from 2 months [ 43 ] to 85 years old [ 40 ].…”

“…Sample size ranged from 177 participants [ 41 ] to 36,984 participants [ 30 ]. The most popular socioeconomic indicators used were education [ 29 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], followed by income [ 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 ] and employment [ 29 , 35 , 37 , 40 , 41 ]. The main public health problems related to sleep health disparities were sleep duration [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], insomnia [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 39 ] and sleep quality [ 41 , 42 ].…”

“…Income: Higher household income predicted longer parent-reported sleep duration and fewer sleep disturbances [ 42 ]. Toddlers who came from a household with a higher annual income were less likely to sleep <11 h per night [ 35 ]. Compared with children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), those with OSA were more likely to reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods [ 26 ].…”

“…Exposure and health outcome : The main sleep health inequity investigated was sleep duration [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 42 , 43 ], followed by sleep quality [ 42 ], sleep disturbances [ 42 ] and sleep rhythmic movements [ 38 ]. Two specifics sleep disorders were studied: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [ 26 ] and daytime sleepiness [ 42 ].…”