Factors associated with sex work involvement among transgender women in Jamaica: a cross‐sectional study

Logie, Carmen H.; Wang, Ying; Lacombe‐Duncan, Ashley; Jones, Nicolette; Ahmed, Uzma; Levermore, Kandasi; Neil, Ava; Ellis, Tyrone; Bryan, Nicolette; Marshall, Annecka; Newman, Peter A.

doi:10.7448/ias.20.01/21422

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Another study showed 36.9% of female sex workers suffer from partner physical abuse and are associated with higher rates of mental health problems [ 59 ]. Higher rates of sex work were found in African female sex workers facing intimate partner violence [ 61 , 62 ]. In fact, a study conducted in India on female sex workers showed that many young married girls are beaten and abused.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a study conducted in India on female sex workers showed that many young married girls are beaten and abused. This sexual and physical exploitation could be a motive for being a sex worker [ 61 , 62 ]. The emotional stress and the resulting mental health illnesses faced by women can consequently influence their choice of becoming a sex worker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing women’s sex work in a Lebanese sample: results of a case-control study

Slim

Haddad²,

Sfeir

et al. 2020

BMC Women's Health

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Background: Many constituents contribute to the rise of sex work in Lebanon such as the socioeconomic situation in the country (poverty, increased unemployment rates, and religious divisions), as well as the political and social instability. Several emotional and psychological factors such as depression, stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, emotional abuse, may force some people to rely on trading sex as a coping strategy for persevering. Therefore, it was deemed interesting to explore and understand factors that are correlated with sex work in Lebanon where no study, to our knowledge, has been written on this critical point. The objective of the study was to assess factors (such as trauma, child abuse, partner abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress) associated with women joining sex work among a sample of the Lebanese population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on a group of women (60 sex workers recruited from a prison for women) involved in sex work matched for age and sex with a control group (60 non-sex workers). Controls were chosen from the same prison population as the sex workers. Results: A logistic regression was conducted, taking being a sex worker vs not as the dependent variable; independent factors were sociodemographic characteristics, child (psychological, neglect, physical and verbal) and inter partner violence (physical and non-physical), depression, anxiety and stress. Higher anxiety (aOR = 1.08) and higher inter partner physical violence (aOR = 1.02) were altogether related with higher chances of being a sex worker. Conclusion: This study proposes an association between child abuse, inter partner violence, alcohol consumption, anxiety, and sex work. Future research may also need to contemplate other factors not examined here, including parental substance use, personality traits, and many others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing women’s sex work in a Lebanese sample: results of a case-control study

Slim

Haddad²,

Sfeir

et al. 2020

BMC Women's Health

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“…Previous studies found that discrimination had a significant impact on HIV care continuum indicators for transwomen living with HIV [6,[24][25][26][29][30][31][32][33]. Prior experiences of anti-trans discrimination were associated with delays in HIV testing…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yes (no is reference) 6.28 (1.37 to 28.70), p = 0. among transwomen in Brazil and Jamaica [32,33]. The effects of anti-trans discrimination may be particularly pronounced for transwomen of colour, who also face racism and bear the largest burden of HIV in the transwomen population [23,24,31].…”

Section: Gender and Race Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

et al. 2019

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Introduction To examine the HIV care continuum for transwomen living in San Francisco and to determine factors associated with poor HIV ‐related health outcomes. Methods Data were collected from 2016 to 2017 with transwomen in San Francisco. Respondent‐driven sampling ( RDS ) was used to recruit a population‐based sample. Bivariate associations were assessed, and RDS ‐weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between exposures and outcomes along the HIV care continuum. Results Of the 123 self‐identified transwomen in this analysis, ages ranged from 23 to 71 years with a majority identifying as Latina (40.8%) and African American (29.2%). An estimate of 14.3% of participants were not engaged in care, 13% were not currently on antiretroviral therapy ( ART ), 22.2% had a self‐reported detectable viral load and 13.5% had unknown viral load. Those using hormones had lower odds of not being on ART compared to those who did not use hormones. Those with unstable housing had a higher relative risk ratio of having a detectable viral load. Those who experienced both anti‐trans discrimination and racism had higher odds of not being in HIV care. Conclusions San Francisco has made substantial progress engaging transwomen in the HIV care continuum, but the final push to ensure viral suppression will require addressing social determinants. Future interventions to increase HIV care engagement, ART use and viral suppression among transwomen must address housing needs and risks related to the overlapping effect of both anti‐trans discrimination and racism.

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“…Therefore, this study uses the “syndemics” framework to investigate the effects of alcohol misuse, poly-drug use, sexual violence experience, and history of childhood sexual abuse on unprotected sex with three different categories of partners, namely, regular, occasional, and transactional. In transgender women, transactional sex is particularly important in HIV risk acquisition and is related to greater exposure to psychosocial problems 17 , 18 and their accumulation 19 . In MSM, the co-occurrence of psychosocial problems on transactional sex has been less explored despite the high risk of HIV among individuals engaged in transactional sex 20 , 21 and the associations found between experiences of childhood abuse and sexual violence with higher odds of reporting transactional sex 22 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the “syndemics” theory to explain unprotected sex and transactional sex: A crosssectional study in men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, and non-MSM in Colombia

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Colombia are highly affected by HIV. To improve understanding of the role of HIV risk behaviors in HIV acquisition, we used the syndemic framework, a useful concept to inform prevention efforts.Objective: To examine the effect of four psychosocial conditions, namely, forced sex, history of childhood sexual abuse, frequent alcohol use, and illicit drug use on unprotected sex and the synergistic effects (“syndemic” effects) of these conditions on HIV risk behavior.Materials and methods: We enrolled a total of 812 males (54.7% men who have sex with men, MSM; 7.3% transgender women, and 38% non-MSM). The participants were recruited from neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status through free HIV-counseling and -testing campaigns. We performed Poisson regression analysis to test the associations and interactions between the four psychosocial conditions and unprotected sex with regular, occasional, and transactional partners. To test the “syndemic” model, we assessed additive and multiplicative interactions.Results: The prevalence of any psychosocial condition was 94.9% in transgender women, 60.1% in MSM, and 72.2% in non-MSM. A higher likelihood of transactional sex was associated in MSM (prevalence ratio (PR)=7.41, p<0.001) and non-MSM (PR=2.18, p< 0.001) with three or all four conditions compared to those with one condition. Additive interactions were present for all combinations of psychosocial problems on transactional sex n MSM. No cumulative effect or additive interaction was observed in transgender women.Conclusions: Our study highlights the need for bundled mental health programs addressing childhood sexual abuse, illicit drug use, and frequent alcohol use with other HIV prevention programs.

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Factors associated with sex work involvement among transgender women in Jamaica: a cross‐sectional study

Cited by 64 publications

References 49 publications

Factors influencing women’s sex work in a Lebanese sample: results of a case-control study

Factors influencing women’s sex work in a Lebanese sample: results of a case-control study

Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

Application of the “syndemics” theory to explain unprotected sex and transactional sex: A crosssectional study in men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, and non-MSM in Colombia

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