Factors associated with residential mobility during pregnancy

Amoah, Doris; Nolan, Vikki G.; Relyea, George; Gurney, James G.; Yu, Xinhua; Tylavsky, Frances A.; Mzayek, Fawaz

doi:10.1080/03630242.2017.1372843

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The primary limitation of this study was our inability to control for the duration women resided in their respective neighborhoods. Previous research supports 12 to 41% of women moved during pregnancy [60][61][62][63][64][65][66]; however, Black families, particularly those of low income, are more likely to move to similar neighborhoods compared to White families [66][67][68]. Additionally, the differing gradient of risk associated with ICE measures can be due to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) [69][70][71].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

et al. 2018

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Disparities in adverse birth outcomes for Black women continue. Research suggests that societal factors such as structural racism explain more variation in adverse birth outcomes than individual-level factors and societal poverty alone. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) measures spatial social polarization by quantifying extremes of deprived and privileged social groups using a single metric and has been shown to partially explain racial disparities in black carbon exposures, mortality, fatal and non-fatal assaults, and adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth and infant mortality. The objective of this analysis was to assess if local measures of racial and economic segregation as proxies for structural racism are associated and preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. California birth cohort files were merged with the American Community Survey by zip code (2011-2012). The ICE was used to quantify privileged and deprived groups (i.e., Black vs. White; high income vs. low income; Black low income vs. White high income) by zip code. ICE scores range from - 1 (deprived) to 1 (privileged). ICE scores were categorized into five quintiles based on sample distributions of these measures: quintile 1 (least privileged)-quintile 5 (most privileged). Generalized linear mixed models were used to test the likelihood that ICE measures were associated with preterm birth or with infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. Black women were most likely to reside in zip codes with greater extreme income concentrations, and moderate extreme race and race + income concentrations. Bivariate analysis revealed that greater extreme income, race, and race + income concentrations increased the odds of preterm birth and infant mortality. For example, women residing in least privileged zip codes (quintile 1) were significantly more likely to experience preterm birth (race + income ICE OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.72-1.46) and infant mortality (race + income ICE OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.47) compared to women living in the most privileged zip codes (quintile 5). Adjusting for maternal characteristics, income, race, and race + income concentrations remained negatively associated with preterm birth. However, only race and race + income concentrations remained associated with infant mortality. Findings support that ICE is a promising measure of structural racism that can be used to address racial disparities in preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women in California.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

et al. 2018

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“…Finally, our study did not address the issue of mobility during pregnancy. Several studies on this topic found that between 5 and 25% of women moved at least once during pregnancy (Tang et al 2018;Lara et al 2016;Amoah et al 2018;Pereira et al 2016;Bell and Belanger 2012). This means that some of the locations in some space-time bins may not be representative of the entire duration of a pregnancy and may cause misleading trends in either direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using space–time cube to analyze trends in adverse birth outcomes and maternal characteristics in Massachusetts, USA

Ogneva‐Himmelberger

Haynes

2021

GeoJournal

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Rates of preterm births (\ 37 gestational weeks) and low birthweight (B 2500 g) are rising throughout the United States. This study uses singleton live birth data, Empirical Bayes approach, spacetime cube and Mann-Kendall statistic to evaluate temporal trends in these adverse birth outcomes (ABO) and maternal characteristics over 15 years (2000-2014) at the census tract level for non-Hispanic white and black women in Massachusetts. In addition to analyzing trends for each variable individually, the study analyzes spatial coincidence of trends to determine which maternal characteristics exhibited trends that most strongly correlated with the ABO trends. The 15-year average rate of ABO was 7.34% for white women, and 12.05% for black women. Results show that more census tracts exhibited an increasing trend than decreasing trend in birth outcomes and in several maternal characteristics for both races (gestational and chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, and previous preterm birth). Study identified 52 census tracts concurrently experiencing an increasing trend in ABO and in four maternal characteristics for black women, indicating that multiple negative trends in health outcomes are concentrated at the same location creating a potential for even more adverse outcomes in the future. This study provides a novel, spatially explicit analytical framework based on Empirical Bayes rates and space-time cube, which could be extended to analyze trends in other health outcomes at various spatial scales.

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