Factors associated with repeated outbreak of anthrax in Bangladesh: qualitative and quantitative study

Hassan, Jayedul; Ahsan, Md. Murshidul; Rahman, Bahanur; Chowdhury, S. M. Z. H.; Parvej, Md. Shafiullah; Nazir, K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain

doi:10.5455/javar.2015.b72

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Domestic and wild ruminants are considered the most susceptible. The causative agent is Bacillus anthracis but due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed [ 1 ]. It is not unusual that domestic cattle, sheep and goats can become infected through contaminated bone meal (used as feed) originating from anthrax infected carcasses [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh

et al. 2016

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In Bangladesh, anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is considered an endemic disease affecting ruminants with sporadic zoonotic occurrences in humans. Due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored, and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed. For sensitive species, anthrax represents a fatal outcome with sudden death and sometimes bleeding from natural orifices. The most common source of infection for ruminants is ingestion of spores during grazing in contaminated pastures or through grass and water contaminated with anthrax spores. Domestic cattle, sheep and goats can also become infected through contaminated bone meal (used as feed) originating from anthrax-infected carcasses. The present investigation was conducted to isolate B. anthracis organisms from 169 samples (73 soil, 1 tissue, 4 bone and 91 bone meal samples) collected from 12 different districts of Bangladesh. The sampling was carried out from 2012 to 2015. Twelve samples resulted positive for B. anthracis. Biomolecular analyses were conducted starting from the Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNP) to analyze the phylogenetic origin of strains. The analysis of genotype, obtained through the Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) with the analysis of 15 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR), demonstrated four different genotypes: two of them were previously identified in the district of Sirajganj. The sub-genotyping, conducted with Single Nucleotide Repeats analysis, revealed the presence of eight subgenotypes. The data of the present study concluded that there was no observed correlation between imported cattle feed and anthrax occurrence in Bangladesh and that the remarkable genetic variations of B. anthracis were found in the soil of numerous outbreaks in this country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh

et al. 2016

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“…However, lack of awareness among livestock owners contributed for the burden of the problem and it is also an important hurdle in controlling zoonotic diseases [15]. A study conducted in Bangladesh, 56.67% people had no knowledge about anthrax disease, its outbreak and the consequences, and 50.83% people did not have knowledge on the proper process of carcass disposal [16]. Similarly study on knowledge of anthrax infection prevention among livestock owners indicated that in the level of knowledge on anthrax prevention ranged from 16.8% to 71.5% [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledgeof anthrax infection prevention and its associated factors among livestock owners in Sekotazuria district, Wag-himra zone, northeast, Amhara region Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study

Seid

Derso

Shiferaw

2019

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Introduction Anthrax is an infectious bacterial disease transmitted from infected animal to human by direct or indirectcontact with their products like hides or wool. The most efficient ways of anthrax infection preventions are vaccination of livestock, surveillance, and proper disposal of livestock carcasses in domestic herd.Recently, anthrax infection in humans has been reported from several districts spreadcountrywide and becomes a major public health problem of animals-humans in Amhara region (the study area).Objective This study aimed at determining knowledge of anthrax infection prevention and its associated factors among livestock owners in Sekotazuria district.Method Community based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from April to May, 2018, at Sekotazuria district, Northeast Ethiopia. A total of 844 live-stoke owners were selected from Sekotazuria district using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 3.5.3, and transferred into SPSS version 20 for further statistical analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 at multiple logistic regression analysis was considered statistically significant.Results The study revealed that good knowledge of anthrax prevention among livestock owners was 55.8% (95%CI: 54.2, 57.4%). According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, secondary and above educational level[AOR=2.97, 95% CI: 1.07, 8.20], age range of 42 – 80 [AOR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.07], and health education about anthrax [AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 2.51, 7.17]were found significantly associated with good knowledge of anthrax infection prevention.Conclusion More than half of livestock owners at SekotaZuria District had good knowledge towards anthrax infection prevention, education level in secondary and above,respondents age category 42-80 years, and health education about anthrax were factors associated with knowledge of anthrax infection prevention. Therefore, health education about anthrax shall be strengthening.

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“…Consequently, beef price and foreign exchange were decreased by 126% and 17% respectively, and about 35% small scale butchers were drove out of business in 2010 (Uddin, 2011). Along with social and environmental factor scarcity and limited vaccination was mentioned as one of the contributing factors of repeated outbreaks of anthrax in Bangladesh (Chakraborty et al, 2012;Islam et al, 2013;Hassan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the previous studies have been conducted with a limited number of animals in experimental condition. Recently, we reported the causes of repeated anthrax outbreak in Bangladesh as well as the present status of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of people towards anthrax (Ahsan et al, 2013;Hassan et al, 2015). Here, we determined the titer of anthrax antibody level in cattle under commercial farm condition throughout the year using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

et al. 2016

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Vaccination is usually practiced to prevent and control anthrax in Bangladesh. For this purpose, vaccine prepared from Sterne F-24 strain ofBacillus anthracisby Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhakahas long been used in this country. However, in some cases anthrax occurred in vaccinated animals in Bangladesh. A total of 100 cattle at LalTeer Livestock Research and Development Farm, LalTeerLivestock Limited, Bangladesh, aging between 3-6 years and weighing between 250-400 kg were randomly selected for vaccination purpose. Blood samples (n=100) were collected before the vaccination for collecting pre-vaccination serum, andthe animals were vaccinated (at 1 mL/animal; 1x10 7 spores/mL) with the anthrax vaccine produced by LRI. All blood samples from the vaccinated animals were collected on day 7, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 360 of post-vaccination, and serum samples were prepared. The antibody levels in the serum samples against anthrax were monitored using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Over the course of 12 months, the antibody titers were found at the level higher than the reference value. Though there were reports on anthrax suspected cases in this farm, no such cases were reported during the study period. Thus, the vaccine appears to induce adequate antibody response against anthrax in Bangladesh.

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Factors associated with repeated outbreak of anthrax in Bangladesh: qualitative and quantitative study

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh

Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh

Knowledgeof anthrax infection prevention and its associated factors among livestock owners in Sekotazuria district, Wag-himra zone, northeast, Amhara region Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study

ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

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