Factors associated with regularity and length of menstrual cycle: Korea Nurses’ Health Study

Song, Sihan; Choi, Hansol; Pang, Yan; Kim, Oksoo; Park, Hyun-Young

doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01947-z

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Their BMI was calculated based on their height and weight. In conformance with previous studies, BMI was defined as underweight, <18.5 kg/m 2 ; normal weight, 18.5 to 23 kg/m 2 ; and overweight: >23 kg/m 2 31,32 ; low BFP was defined as < 22%. 13…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Liu,

Gong,

Nagamoto

et al. 2024

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science

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Introduction: The menstrual cycle is an important indicator of health in female athletes. Female elite adolescent dancers are expected to control their weight while also training intensely, which can lead to menstrual disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and menstrual status in female elite adolescent dancers. Methods: In total, 131 female elite adolescent dancers (age: 15.9 ± 1.5 years) were enrolled in this study. We measured the height, weight, and body fat percentage (BFP) for each participant and calculated their body mass index (BMI). We gathered information on individual menstruation patterns and the participants’ menstrual cycles over the previous year using recall methods. We then compared the differences between dancers with menstrual cycle disorders and those without. Primary amenorrhea was defined as menarche occurring after the age of 15, while secondary amenorrhe was defined as experiencing fewer than 5 or no menstrual periods for at least 3 of the previous 12 months. We conducted a reliability test using the same questionnaire 2 weeks later. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05, and we calculated the effect sizes (d) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The average BMI and BFP were 22.6 ± 3.0% and 19.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2, respectively. Low BFP and low BMI were observed in 51 (38.6%) and 47 (35.6%) participants, respectively. Primary amenorrhea in 3 participants (2.3%) and 29 (22.1%) reported experiencing secondary amenorrhea; they had lower BFP than the dancers who did not experience amenorrhea ( P = .041, 95% CI, −2.51 to −0.05). Conclusion: Female elite adolescent dancers in China may have lower BFP and menstrual problems. Given that lower BFP may contribute to the occurrence of menstruation disorders, it is essential to pay an attention to both BFP and the menstruation status in female elite adolescent dancers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Liu,

Gong,

Nagamoto

et al. 2024

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science

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“…N = u*P*(1-P)/ δ 2 , where u = 1.96 at a 95% confidence interval. P indicates a prevalence rate of 20%, taken from the previous study [ 27 ], and δ expresses an expected error rate of 5%. The required sample size was N = 1.96*0.2*(1-0.2)/0.05 2 =125.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between covid-pandemic anxiety and sleep disorder with menstrual disorders among female medical workers

Sun

Xia

et al. 2023

BMC Women's Health

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Background It has been more than 2 years since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic destabilized the world, adversely affecting not only physical health, but also mental health. During this time, frontline medical workers were at a greater health risk, especially female medical workers. Changes or abnormalities in the menstrual cycle—an important indicator of women’s health—may jeopardize female reproductive functioning. Considering that emotional health and sleep status may be related to the menstrual cycle, this study aimed to investigate the association between menstrual cycle changes, anxiety, sleep dysfunction, and other factors among female medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to female medical workers in China from February to May 2022. The study included 160 women aged 18–45 years old. The questionnaires covered data related to the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, medical and reproductive history, and lifestyle. The Rating Scale for Clinical Manifestations of Menopathy (SCMM), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale (SDRS) were utilized. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and linear regression analysis. Results A total of 160 female medical staff were randomly selected in this research, of whom seven scored less than 3 points, 85 scored 3–11 points, and 68 scored more than 11 points on the total score of the SCMM. Compared to pre-pandemic scores, scores of dizziness and tinnitus were significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scores corresponding to the following clinical symptoms were also higher during the pandemic: Menopathy, including hypaphrodisia, dim complexion, abnormal urination, languidness, dim menstruation, thin menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and empty or saggy lower abdomen (p < 0.05). However, pre-pandemic scores of vaginal bleeding quantity were significantly higher than those found during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). Scores of vaginal bleeding quantity were significantly lower in cabin hospitals than other types of hospitals, and a similar finding was observed for vaginal bleeding duration (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the findings of the univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis revealed a link between consistent exercise, the underlying illness, the SDRS score, the SAS score, and the total score of SCMM (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this study, we found that menstruation in female medical workers was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, regular exercise and good physical condition were protective factors, while anxiety and insomnia were risk factors for menstrual abnormalities.

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“…According to this theory, three types of influencing factors—physiological, psychological, and situational factors—interact multidimensionally and shape one’s experience of symptoms. Physiological factors include factors such as physical functional status [ 7 – 12 ], psychological factors include emotional and mood states [ 9 , 10 , 12 – 14 ] and situational factors comprise factors such as economic status, lifestyle habits, and social environment [ 4 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 15 – 18 ]. Investigating menstrual cycles among Korean female workers, considering physiological, psychological, and situational aspects based on the TOUS theory [ 7 ], is thus deemed appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, this study aims to investigate the menstrual regularity among female workers in various occupations such as sales and service, production, and office workers. Unlike some previous studies that examined the menstrual cycle of specific populations such as nurses [ 15 , 17 ], the uniqueness of this study is that it generalizes demographic characteristics in a more multifaceted and realistic way. Furthermore, previous research [ 15 ] has reported an association between the frequency of night shifts and menstrual irregularity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike some previous studies that examined the menstrual cycle of specific populations such as nurses [ 15 , 17 ], the uniqueness of this study is that it generalizes demographic characteristics in a more multifaceted and realistic way. Furthermore, previous research [ 15 ] has reported an association between the frequency of night shifts and menstrual irregularity. However, considering previous research that found a higher rate of menstrual irregularities among day shift workers compared to night shift workers [ 19 ], additional research is needed to explore the relationship between shift work and menstrual cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing menstrual regularity among female workers: a cross-sectional analysis study

Shim,

Han,

Baek

2024

BMC Women's Health

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Background Regularity of menstrual cycles is an important indicator of women’s health and fertility, and female workers are exposed to several factors, such as sleep disorders, stress, and shift work, that affect their menstrual regularity. This makes it necessary to comprehensively identify the determinants of menstrual regularity. Therefore, this study identified the factors affecting menstrual regularity among female workers from physiological, psychological, and situational dimensions based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and utilized the data of 2418 female workers. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, physiological factors included age, age at menarche, childbirth experience, body mass index, and sleep duration. Psychological factors included stress level, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation. Situational factors included education level, household income, consumption of alcohol, engagement in smoking, and work schedule. The χ²-test and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were performed, reflecting the complex sample design. Results Age at menarche, childbirth experience, and body mass index among physiological factors and education level and work schedule among situational factors were found to be related to menstrual regularity. A higher risk of menstrual irregularities was found among those who had given birth (versus those who had not), had a high age at menarche (versus those with a low age at menarche), were obese (versus those who had a normal body mass index), had elementary school-level or lesser educational achievements (versus those with college graduate-level or higher educational achievements), and who had a shift work schedule (versus those with a fixed schedule). Conclusions Intervention is needed for female workers who have these risk factors, and special attention must be paid to female workers who have a shift work schedule. Additionally, since body mass index can be controlled, intervention concerning body mass index is necessary to reduce menstrual irregularity.

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Factors associated with regularity and length of menstrual cycle: Korea Nurses’ Health Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Relationship between covid-pandemic anxiety and sleep disorder with menstrual disorders among female medical workers

Factors influencing menstrual regularity among female workers: a cross-sectional analysis study

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