Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional study

Sacre, Hala; Obeïd, Sahar; Choueiry, Georges; Hobeika, Eva; Farah, Rita; Hajj, Aline; Akel, Marwan; Hallit, Souheil; Salameh, Pascale

doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2019.4.1613

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…An online software was used to randomly select the community pharmacies sample using the list of pharmacies provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists (OPL). Similar methodology was used in previous papers [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: General Study Designmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hallit¹,

Zeidan²,

Saade³

et al. 2020

JEGH

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Inclusion of a pharmacist showed that pharmacy-led patient education can positively impact treatment outcome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knowledge, medication adherence, quality of life, significant reduction in hospital admission rates, and emergency department visits. The objectives were to assess the degree of COPD knowledge in Lebanese community pharmacists as well as their attitudes and practice toward disease management. Between January and May 2018, a cross-sectional survey enrolled 709 Lebanese community pharmacists. A committee was created to build up the questionnaire; it was composed of two physicians (one infectious disease specialist and one pulmonologist) and eight pharmacists, with long expertise in community and hospital pharmacy. It comprised 12 questions assessing knowledge, 12 questions for attitude, and 13 questions for practice. Higher attitude (b = 0.56) and higher practice (b = 0.41) were associated with higher knowledge score. Higher knowledge (b = 0.10) and practice (b = 0.16) scores as well as female gender (b = 0.60) were significantly associated with higher attitude scores. Higher knowledge (b = 0.13) and higher attitude (b = 0.19) showed significant association with higher practice scores. Female gender (b = −0.94), however, was significantly associated with decreased practice score. Our study highlights the importance of assessing the capabilities of pharmacists of achieving their support role in COPD patients. In order to improve community pharmacists' knowledge of COPD, ultimately improving patient outcomes, further education is crucial.

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Section: General Study Designmentioning

confidence: 94%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hallit¹,

Zeidan²,

Saade³

et al. 2020

JEGH

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“…A study conducted between 435 pharmacists from Lebanon found a significant association between higher stress and lower mental QOL. 45 At the pharmacy student level, two studies found a significant association between stress and QOL. The first, conducted in the United States among 109 Pharm.D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was conducted in 2018 among 435 Lebanese pharmacists, and it found that higher stress has a significant influence on lower mental QOL. 45 Another study conducted among 109 doctor of pharmacy students in the United States found a negative correlation between stress and mental QOL. 46 Likewise, a study conducted among 110 pharmacy students in Ghana found a significant correlation between stress and QOL from the middle until the end of the semester.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Occupational Stress on the Quality of Life of Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Almogbel¹

2021

RMHP

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Purpose The job of a pharmacist is extremely demanding, and pharmacists play a vital role in improving the success of patients’ treatment plans and disease management outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pharmacists’ quality of life (QOL) and occupational stress in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a prospective, paper-based, cross-sectional survey. The World Health Organization Quality of Life – Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to evaluate quality of life, and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale was used to assess occupational stress. The two scales were administered to licensed pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia, and demographic data were collected. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests were performed. Multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate the association between work stress and QOL. Results A total of 371 questionnaires were distributed, and 284 questionnaires were returned. The average age of the participants was 33.4 ± 6.5 years. Most were male (61.2%), married (62.9%), and had children (51.1%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant negative relationships between stress (β = -0.454; 95% CI, −0.697 to −0.211) and QOL, and between the presence of chronic diseases (β = 3.779; 95% CI, 0.597 to 6.961) and QOL, when holding other variables constant. Also, a positive association between male sex (β = 3.779; 95% CI, 0.597 to 6.961) and QOL was reported, when other variables were kept constant. Conclusion Occupational stress and the presence of chronic diseases were found to have a negative influence on pharmacists’ QOL, while the male sex was associated with a better QOL. Moreover, QOL was linked to performance. Pharmacists are intensely involved in medication safety (use and administration), which might impact patients (at the micro-level) and the healthcare system (at the macro-level). Therefore, stress control is crucial to improve pharmacists’ QOL and performance in relation to patient health.

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“…Also, an assessment of the societal perspective showed that the general population is barely satisfied with pharmacists' services (Iskandar et al, 2017). Other studies reported lower empathy (Hobeika, Hallit, et al, 2020), burnout (Rahme et al, 2020), and low quality of life (Sacre, Obeid, et al, 2019) among pharmacists.…”

Section: Dg15[p]-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmacy practice in Lebanon faces economic and financial difficulties (despite small breakthroughs in this regard), reflecting the Lebanese context and leading to pharmacists' dissatisfaction (Hallit, Zeenny, Sili, & Salameh, 2017), burnout (Rahme et al, 2020), lower empathy towards patients (Hobeika, Hallit, et al, 2020), and reduced quality of life (Sacre, Obeid, et al, 2019), all expected to lower service quality and decrease professional sustainability on the long run.…”

Section: Dg21[p]-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and sciences in Lebanon: Benchmarking with the FIP Development Goals

Sacre¹,

Akel

Zeenny

et al. 2021

Pharm Educ

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Background: In 2020, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published a set of 21 global development goals (DGs) that bring together workforce/education [W], practice [P], and science [S] in a transformative framework, defining an improved and more advanced pharmacy profession for the next decade. This paper aims to benchmark the context of the Lebanese pharmacy profession with the respective elements of the FIP DGs to optimise the previously suggested strategic plan. Methods: A group of pharmacy researchers with extensive academic, professional, and post-educational experience endeavoured to map the FIP DGs with the work produced in Lebanon, describing the current situation. The documents mapped were sought from published literature and white papers developed by academia and the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL), the national pharmacists’ association. Results: This study found that efforts are necessary to bridge the gap between the current situation of the pharmacy profession in Lebanon and optimal practice. In the short term, existing projects should be immediately implemented, e.g. pharmacy curricula reforms and accreditation, post-graduate training, recognising pharmacy specialities, organising the profession, and assessing advanced competencies. In parallel, related policies and regulations should be updated. Cultural changes, involving closer ties between education and practice, are required to reform the pharmacy profession. In the medium term, a national research strategy, including early-career scientists mentoring and assessment tools validation, is necessary. Digitalising the patient profile and medication safety reporting and updating the pharmacists’ database through appropriate platforms are also essential steps toward modernising pharmacy. Conclusion: Authorities and stakeholders should combine and coordinate efforts to implement existing plans and develop necessary strategies for optimizing pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and research, which is expected to bridge the gap between the challenging current situation of the profession in Lebanon and its optimal future development, for the best of the pharmacist and the patient’s health.

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Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional study

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Lebanese Community Pharmacists toward Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The Effect of Occupational Stress on the Quality of Life of Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and sciences in Lebanon: Benchmarking with the FIP Development Goals

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