Abstract:Background: High psychological readiness is an important element for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Identifying factors that contribute to psychological readiness is essential for planning interventions to return to play. No studies have used multivariate analysis to clarify factors associated with psychological readiness to return to specific sports. Hypothesis: To identify factors that contribute to an athlete’s psychological readiness to return after ACL reconstru… Show more
“…1 ). Inclusion criteria were primary/unilateral anatomical double-bundle reconstruction using either hamstring tendon autograft alone or gracilis tendon harvested in addition to hamstring tendon; age ≥ 16 years and ≤ 40 years at testing; postoperative rehabilitation with the same protocol used in the sports physical therapy department; participation in sports involving cutting, pivoting, and jump-landings (basketball, soccer, volleyball, badminton, tennis, or frisbee) before injury; and participating in the training sessions of the same sport played before surgery at approximately 6 months after reconstruction [ 21 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients were excluded if they had past experience with ACL or meniscus injury or surgery on the other side; experienced injury such as muscle strains, sprains, and tendinopathy that affected physical function in the lower back or lower limb after ACL reconstruction and in the 6 months before reconstruction; undergone reconstruction of other ligaments of the knee in addition to ACL; hoped to return to high-contact sports with tackling, such as football and rugby, martial arts sports that require pairing and throwing, such as judo and wrestling, striking sports such as boxing, and snow and ice sports such as skiing and ice hockey; did not go to the hospital or participate in sports for social reasons such as relocating or becoming pregnant after reconstruction; had comorbidities that hindered a return to sports; inability to complete all questionnaires and physical function tests on the same day between 170 and 240 days after ACL reconstruction [ 21 ]. For participants under 18 years old, consent was obtained from parents and legal guardians in addition to from the participants themselves.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participation in sports exercises with limited contact was allowed from 6 months after reconstruction, as long as the patient showed no problematic symptoms in the joint and displayed sufficient knee isokinetic flexion/extension strength at 60°/s (LSI, > 80%) and showed SLH ability (LSI, > 80%) after the specified athletic training without contact had been completed [ 22 , 23 ]. Criteria for determining when to participate in the actual sport were 8 months after reconstruction [ 21 ], 90% LSI of flexion/extension strength at 60°/s [ 30 ], 90% LSI of SLH [ 30 ], 60 points on the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury scale [ 31 , 32 ], and 90% of subjective running ability [ 21 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SLH distances in the three directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) were measured in random order according to previous research [ 21 , 35 ]. Participants stood on one leg and were instructed to hop as far as possible and land on the same leg.…”
Background
When planning rehabilitation and conditioning for performance enhancement and a return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, identifying the elements of physical function associated with single-leg hop is important. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between single-leg hop distances in three directions and knee extensor and flexor strengths at 6 months after reconstruction.
Methods
Participants were 47 patients taking part in training sessions for sports involving cutting, pivoting, and jump-landing 6 months after reconstruction using a hamstring tendon. Single-leg hop distances in 3 directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) and isokinetic concentric strengths of knee extension and flexion were assessed at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s. Simple regression analyses using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were performed to assess relationships between single-leg hop distances and knee strengths.
Results
In the involved limb, correlations between single-leg hop distances in 3 directions and knee strengths were significant (P < 0.01) and correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.65. Correlation coefficients between all single-leg hop parameters and knee extension/flexion strengths at an angular velocity of 180°/s were greater than those of 60°/s.
Conclusions
In this cross-sectional study of patients who participated in sports training sessions that required jump-landings and cutting approximately 6 months after reconstruction using hamstring grafts, isokinetic knee flexor, and extensor torques were moderately to strongly associated with single-leg hop distances in lateral, medial, and anterior directions. Given these relationships, assessments and exercises for knee strength and single-leg hop distances should be planned.
“…1 ). Inclusion criteria were primary/unilateral anatomical double-bundle reconstruction using either hamstring tendon autograft alone or gracilis tendon harvested in addition to hamstring tendon; age ≥ 16 years and ≤ 40 years at testing; postoperative rehabilitation with the same protocol used in the sports physical therapy department; participation in sports involving cutting, pivoting, and jump-landings (basketball, soccer, volleyball, badminton, tennis, or frisbee) before injury; and participating in the training sessions of the same sport played before surgery at approximately 6 months after reconstruction [ 21 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients were excluded if they had past experience with ACL or meniscus injury or surgery on the other side; experienced injury such as muscle strains, sprains, and tendinopathy that affected physical function in the lower back or lower limb after ACL reconstruction and in the 6 months before reconstruction; undergone reconstruction of other ligaments of the knee in addition to ACL; hoped to return to high-contact sports with tackling, such as football and rugby, martial arts sports that require pairing and throwing, such as judo and wrestling, striking sports such as boxing, and snow and ice sports such as skiing and ice hockey; did not go to the hospital or participate in sports for social reasons such as relocating or becoming pregnant after reconstruction; had comorbidities that hindered a return to sports; inability to complete all questionnaires and physical function tests on the same day between 170 and 240 days after ACL reconstruction [ 21 ]. For participants under 18 years old, consent was obtained from parents and legal guardians in addition to from the participants themselves.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participation in sports exercises with limited contact was allowed from 6 months after reconstruction, as long as the patient showed no problematic symptoms in the joint and displayed sufficient knee isokinetic flexion/extension strength at 60°/s (LSI, > 80%) and showed SLH ability (LSI, > 80%) after the specified athletic training without contact had been completed [ 22 , 23 ]. Criteria for determining when to participate in the actual sport were 8 months after reconstruction [ 21 ], 90% LSI of flexion/extension strength at 60°/s [ 30 ], 90% LSI of SLH [ 30 ], 60 points on the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury scale [ 31 , 32 ], and 90% of subjective running ability [ 21 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SLH distances in the three directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) were measured in random order according to previous research [ 21 , 35 ]. Participants stood on one leg and were instructed to hop as far as possible and land on the same leg.…”
Background
When planning rehabilitation and conditioning for performance enhancement and a return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, identifying the elements of physical function associated with single-leg hop is important. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between single-leg hop distances in three directions and knee extensor and flexor strengths at 6 months after reconstruction.
Methods
Participants were 47 patients taking part in training sessions for sports involving cutting, pivoting, and jump-landing 6 months after reconstruction using a hamstring tendon. Single-leg hop distances in 3 directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) and isokinetic concentric strengths of knee extension and flexion were assessed at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s. Simple regression analyses using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were performed to assess relationships between single-leg hop distances and knee strengths.
Results
In the involved limb, correlations between single-leg hop distances in 3 directions and knee strengths were significant (P < 0.01) and correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.65. Correlation coefficients between all single-leg hop parameters and knee extension/flexion strengths at an angular velocity of 180°/s were greater than those of 60°/s.
Conclusions
In this cross-sectional study of patients who participated in sports training sessions that required jump-landings and cutting approximately 6 months after reconstruction using hamstring grafts, isokinetic knee flexor, and extensor torques were moderately to strongly associated with single-leg hop distances in lateral, medial, and anterior directions. Given these relationships, assessments and exercises for knee strength and single-leg hop distances should be planned.
“…OLH distances in the three directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) were measured in random order according to previous research 26,27 . Participants stood on one leg and were instructed to hop as far as possible and land on the same leg.…”
Background: When planning rehabilitation and conditioning for performance enhancement and a return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, identifying the elements of physical function associated with one-leg hop is important. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between one-leg hop distances in 3 directions and knee extensor and flexor strengths at 6 months after reconstruction.Methods: Participants were 47 patients taking part in training sessions for sports involving cutting, pivoting, and jump-landing 6 months after reconstruction using a hamstring tendon. Demographics, activity scale score, days before and after reconstruction, and meniscus surgery procedure were analyzed. One-leg hop distances in 3 directions (anterior, lateral, and medial) and isokinetic strengths of knee extension and flexion were measured. Simple regression analyses using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were performed to assess relationships between one-leg hop distances and knee strengths.Results: In the involved limb, correlations between one-leg hop distance in 3 directions and knee strengths were significant and effect sizes ranged from medium to large. Correlation coefficients between all one-leg hop parameters and knee extension/flexion strengths at an angular velocity of 180°/s were greater than those of 60°/s.Conclusions: Knee strength showed moderate to high associations with lateral and medial one-leg hop distances in addition to anterior one-leg hop distance. The results of this study will be useful in planning and teaching conditioning to improve multi-directional one-legged hop skills and improve knee strength for a full-scale return to sports after reconstruction.
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between physical function factors and each subcategory score of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament‐Return to Sport after Injury (ACL‐RSI) scale among patients following ACL reconstruction.MethodsParticipants comprised 59 patients who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon. The ACL‐RSI was completed 6 months after reconstruction and five physical functions were measured in patients on the same day. Simple linear regression was performed multiple times to investigate the relationship between ACL‐RSI subcategory scores as a dependent variable and each independent variable (knee strength, leg anterior reach distance, single‐leg hop [SLH] distances, side bridge endurance, and subjective running ability). Multiple regression analysis was performed using a stepwise method, with factors showing a risk rate <0.05 in simple linear regression analyses as independent variables and the ACL‐RSI in each subcategory score as the dependent variable.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that subjective running ability affected all subcategories (p ≤ 0.001), and that the limb symmetry index of medial SLH distance affected both the Emotions (p = 0.047) and Confidence (p = 0.009) subcategories. Higher subjective running ability and greater limb symmetry in the medial SLH were thus positively associated with each dimension of psychological readiness.ConclusionsThis study highlights the differential impact of physical function factors on specific subcategories of the ACL‐RSI scale, providing clinicians with insights for designing targeted rehabilitation strategies. This original paper suggests the importance of analysing factors related to subcategory scores in addition to total ACL‐RSI score, and could contribute to the understanding of determinants for a successful return to sport following ACL reconstruction.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
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