Factors associated with positivity for canine visceral leishmaniosis in an endemic area in Brazil

Michelin, Aparecida de Fátima; Maciel, Marilene Oliveira dos Santos; Okajima, Mashami; Nunes, Cáris Maroni; Perri, Sílvia Helena Venturoli; Bonfietti, Lucas Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.12.006

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, a close proximity to vegetated areas may be associated with the risk of CVL 4 . However, in endemic regions, this association is compromised because reservoir presence is common in the in-home environment and urban afforestation offers conditions for phlebotomine sandfly reproduction 20,21 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and seroepidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic Southeast Brazilian area

Rodrigues

Benitez

Sevá

et al. 2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a public health problem, and its prevalence is associated with the coexistence of vectors and reservoirs. CVL is a protozoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum that is endemic in the southeast region of Brazil. Thus, vector and canine reservoir control strategies are needed to reduce its burden. This study aimed to verify the CVL seroprevalence and epidemiology in a municipality in Southeast Brazil to initiate disease control strategies. Methods: A total of 833 dogs were subjected to Dual Path Platform (DPP) testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. For seropositive dogs, epidemiological aspects were investigated using a questionnaire and a global position system. The data were submitted to simple logistic regression, kernel estimation, and Bernoulli spatial scan statistical analysis. Results: The overall CVL-confirmed seroprevalence was 16.08%. The 28.93% in the DPP screening test was associated with dogs maintained in backyards with trees, shade, animal and/or bird feces, and contact with other dogs and cats, with sick dogs showing the highest chances of infection (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.38-1.98), especially in residences with elderly people. A spatial analysis identified two hotspot regions and detected two clusters in the study area. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that residences with elderly people and the presence of trees, shade, feces, and pet dogs and cats increased an individual's risk of developing CVL. The major regions where preventive strategies for leishmaniasis were to be initiated in the endemic area were identified in two clusters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mapping of positive CVL cases in this study provided a broader analysis of the spatial distribution and areas with a high prevalence of infected animals. Likewise, other researchers have successfully used this tool to develop public health surveillance strategies [19][20][21]24,29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seroepidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic Southeast Brazilian area

Rodrigues

Benitez

Sevá

et al. 2020

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…While this difference was not detected in our prior study [ 12 , 25 , 44 ], Cortés et al observed a lower seroprevalence in mongrel dogs [ 47 ]. Likewise, in studies carried out in Brazil, pure breeds (Poodle, Pincher, and Pit Bull) were also found to show a higher seroprevalence than mixed breeds [ 48 ]. In our study, the dog breeds with the highest seroprevalences were a group of dangerous breeds (10.8%) and Dobermans (33.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infantum infection serosurveillance in stray dogs inhabiting the Madrid community: 2007–2018

et al. 2022

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Background Leishmaniosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean basin caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. While in dogs disease may be severe, leishmaniosis is also a public health concern as was shown in the largest outbreak of human leishmaniosis (HL) in Europe in 2009 occurring in the Madrid region. The aim of the present study was to assess the applicability of the Leishmaniosis Surveillance Program (LeishSP) established in Madrid in 1996 by examining trends in L. infantum seroprevalence and associated epidemiological risk factors based on data for the 2007–2018 period. Methods The study population consisted of 3225 stray dogs from 17 animal shelters collaborating with the LeishSP. Seroprevalences were recorded twice annually (April and November) from 2007 to 2018. In each yearly period, a minimum of 100 dogs were tested to detect dogs infected before and after the sandfly risk season in Madrid area. Each dog was subjected to the same protocol of blood sample collection and clinical examination to collect epidemiological data and clinical signs. Anti-Leishmania-specific IgG was determined by IFAT cut-off ≥ 1:100. Results Overall seroprevalence was 6.1% (198 positive dogs). Epidemiological data indicate a significantly higher seroprevalence in dogs > 4 years old, purebred dogs (Pit Bull and related breeds), and medium to large size dogs. There were no seroprevalence differences according to sex and/or season (April and November). In addition, no significant differences were observed according to whether dogs lived inside or outside the HL outbreak area. Remarkably, of 198 dogs testing positive for L. infantum, 64.6% had no clinical signs, indicating a high proportion of clinically healthy infected dogs that could be a potential source of infection. Conclusions Results indicate a stable seroprevalence of L. infantum infection after 2006 in stray dogs in Madrid but with a recent slightly increasing trend. These observations support the need to continue with the LeishSP implemented by sanitary authorities of the Madrid Community as an early warning strategy for human and animal leishmaniosis and to enable continued assessment of the epidemiological role of dogs with subclinical infection in this important zoonotic disease. Graphical Abstract

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“…However, the Ministry of Health continues to favor the use of these tests, which are extensively used because they are fast and easy to perform, enabling the analysis of numerous samples in a short time (Grimaldi et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2016). The detection of clinical signs in infected dogs is important for the early diagnosis of suspected cases of the CanL, and the presence of these signs pertains mainly to the immune-mediated nature of this disease, causing the parasite to multiply in the host's tissues (Dantas-Torres, 2007;Queiroz et al, 2010;Michelin et al, 2018). The researchers Almeida et al (2005), Baneth et al (2008) and Silva et al (2017) reported that, in their studies, most of the dogs seropositivity for CanL were clinically affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

Evaristo

Sevá

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

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Factors associated with positivity for canine visceral leishmaniosis in an endemic area in Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Spatial and seroepidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic Southeast Brazilian area

Spatial and seroepidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic Southeast Brazilian area

Leishmania infantum infection serosurveillance in stray dogs inhabiting the Madrid community: 2007–2018

Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

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