Factors associated with orthodontic pain

Lin, Wei; Farella, Mauro; Antoun, Joseph; Topless, Ruth; Merriman, Tony R.; Michelotti, Ambra

doi:10.1111/joor.13227

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…60 In addition, the Met allele has been associated with experiencing anxiety and pain sensitivity characteristics unfavorable for elite rugby competition in some studies 61,62 but not all. [63][64][65] For APOE e2/e3/e4, there were no differences in e4/e4 genotype or e4 allele frequency between elite rugby athletes and nonathletes (Table 1). Previous findings indicate that e4 allele carriers experience more severe cognitive and physical symptoms after TBI, [18][19][20] so we hypothesized that the e4 allele would be underrepresented in elite rugby athletes compared with nonathletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Optimal cognitive function is affected by the prefrontal cortex's (PFC) sensitivity to dopamine [54] This greater executive function and working memory of Met allele carriers is attributed to the effects of higher levels of extracellular dopamine in the PFC [41,42], although some differences between sexes might also exist [60]. In addition, the Met allele has been associated with experiencing anxiety and pain sensitivity characteristics unfavorable for elite rugby competition in some studies [61,62] but not all [63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concussion-Associated Gene Variant COMT rs4680 Is Associated With Elite Rugby Athlete Status

Antrobus

Brazier

Callus

et al. 2022

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Concussions are common match injuries in elite rugby and reports exist of reduced cognitive function and long-term health consequences that can interrupt or end a playing career and produce continued ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between elite rugby status and eight concussion-associated risk polymorphisms. We hypothesized that concussion-associated risk genotypes and alleles would be underrepresented in elite rugby athletes compared to non-athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion-Associated Gene Variant COMT rs4680 Is Associated With Elite Rugby Athlete Status

Antrobus

Brazier

Callus

et al. 2022

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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“…20 This study found a significant correlation between catastrophizing (PCS) and pain intensity just after separator insertion (T1) and at T2. It is worth noting that PCS was the most effective instrument for 21 where tooth pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is greater in patients scoring high for catastrophizing. Additionally, the present study observed a significant correlation between the pattern of anxiety verified by the STAI and the prevalence of pain and tooth sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of anxiety and catastrophizing on pain perception in orthodontic treatment and its association with inflammatory cytokines

et al. 2023

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Pain is common in orthodontic treatment, is subject to individual variation, and is associated with anxiety and stress, which can potentially become catastrophizing. The aim of the present study was to determine the variability of pain response after the insertion of orthodontic separators and to assess the association of pain levels with dental anxiety, catastrophizing, tooth sensitivity, and genetic expression of cytokines. To this end, 70 patients of both genders were divided into two equal groups according to the elastomeric separator used: G1 (Dentaurum) and G2 (Orthometric). Two separators were inserted in the mesial and distal sides of the lower right first molar. Participants were instructed to rate the level of pain at T0 (before insertion), T1 (just after insertion), and T2 (24 hours after insertion) on a visual analog scale. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected at T0 and T2. The levels of anxiety, catastrophizing, tooth sensitivity, and cytokine expression were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton, chi-squared, Spearman's correlation, and dependent and independent t tests (α=5%). Pain intensity was higher at T2 than at T1, in both groups (P<.05). An association was established (P<.05) between pain intensity at T1 and catastrophizing, and at T2 with anxiety and catastrophizing. Within-group differences in cytokine expression were found between T0 and T2. There was no correlation between cytokine expression and pain levels, anxiety, catastrophizing, and sensitivity at T2. Tooth separation produced variable pain levels, which were influenced by anxiety and catastrophizing, however, pain level was not correlated with increased cytokine expression.

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“…An effort was made to maximize data output from included studies by extracting or calculating missing data, whenever possible (Appendix 1). As the outcome of treatment-induced orthodontic pain was expected to be affected by patient-, treatment-, and measurement-related characteristics [14,16,[30][31][32], a random-effects model was a priori deemed appropriate to calculate the average distribution of true effects, based on clinical and statistical reasoning [33], and a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) variance estimator with improved performance was used according to recent guidance [34].…”

Section: Effect Measures and Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses

et al. 2023

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Objective To assess the pain profile of patients in the levelling/alignment phase of orthodontic treatment, as reported from randomized clinical trials. Materials and methods Five databases were searched in September 2022 for randomized clinical trials assessing pain during levelling/alignment with a visual analogue scale (VAS). After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/meta-regression, and certainty analyses. Results A total of 37 randomized trials including 2277 patients (40.3% male; mean age 17.5 years) were identified. Data indicated quick pain initiation after insertion of orthodontic appliances (n = 6; average = 12.4 mm VAS), a quick increase to a peak at day 1 (n = 29; average = 42.4 mm), and gradually daily decrease the first week until its end (n = 23; average = 9.0 mm). Every second patient reported analgesic use at least once this week (n = 8; 54.5%), with peak analgesic use at 6 h post-insertion (n = 2; 62.3%). Patients reported reduced pain in the evening compared to morning (n = 3; MD = − 3.0 mm; 95%CI = − 5.3, − 0.6; P = 0.01) and increased pain during chewing (n = 2; MD = 19.2 mm; 95% CI = 7.9, 30.4; P < 0.001) or occlusion of the back teeth (n = 2; MD = 12.4 mm; 95% CI = 1.4, 23.4; P = 0.3), while non-consistent effects were seen for patient age, sex, irregularity, or analgesic use. Subgroup analyses indicated increased pain among extraction cases and during treatment of the lower (rather than the upper) arch, while certainty around estimates was moderate to high. Conclusions Evidence indicated a specific pain profile during orthodontic levelling/alignment, without signs of consistent patient-related influencing factors.

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Factors associated with orthodontic pain

Cited by 15 publications

References 97 publications

Concussion-Associated Gene Variant COMT rs4680 Is Associated With Elite Rugby Athlete Status

Concussion-Associated Gene Variant COMT rs4680 Is Associated With Elite Rugby Athlete Status

Influence of anxiety and catastrophizing on pain perception in orthodontic treatment and its association with inflammatory cytokines

Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses

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