Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

Allam, Ramesh Reddy; Takamiya, Mayuko; Pant, Rashmi; Gandham, Sabitha; Yeldandi, Vijay; Thomas, J.; Dworkin, Mark S.

doi:10.1177/0956462420920145

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although difficult to explain, the association between police violence and access to healthcare has been found at different levels [ 3 ]. Allam et al [ 35 ] showed that having been arrested in the last year was related to non-adherence to HIV treatment among FSW. Similarly, local pre-pandemic evidence showed an association between gender identity-related police discrimination and low adherence to HIV care among TW from Buenos Aires, Argentina; many of whom were engaged in sex work [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female sex workers and police violence during the Covid-19 health crisis in 2020–2021: results from the EPIC multi-country community-based research program in Argentina

Arístegui

Ávila²,

Villes³

et al. 2022

Harm Reduct J

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Background Female sex workers (FSW) have been disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 crisis. Data show increases of police violence toward key populations (KP), likely a consequence of their role in enforcing health government measures. This study aimed to identify factors associated with police violence experienced by FSW during the Covid-19 crisis in Argentina. Methods EPIC is a multi-country, cross-sectional, community-based research program evaluating the impact of Covid-19 among KP. In Argentina, the study was conducted in collaboration with FSW community-based organizations (CBO). Participants completed an online survey (October 2020–April 2021). Police violence was measured as having experienced episodes of violence (physical, verbal, psychological or sexual) by security forces since the start of the health crisis. Factors associated with police violence were assessed in logistic regression models. Results Among 173 respondents, median age was 34 [IQR 27–42], 39.3% were transgender women (TW), 78.1% declared sex work as their only income and 71.7% mentioned their financial situation has deteriorated with the health crisis. Nearly half of FSW (44.5%) reported experiencing police violence within the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and among them, 76.6% declared more frequent violence episodes since the beginning of the health crisis. After adjustment for age, being a TW (aOR [95% CI] = 2.71 [1.21;6.05]), reporting non-injection drug use (2.92 [1.02;8.36]), having a considerably deteriorated financial situation (3.67 [1.47;9.21]), having had a consultation with a CBO worker for medical care/treatments (5.56 [2.15;14.37]) and declaring fear or experiences of discrimination by physicians/other health workers (2.97 [1.21;7.29]), since the beginning of the Covid-19 health crisis, were independently associated with police violence. Conclusions FSW in Argentina have experienced an increase in police violence since the beginning of the health crisis. Belonging to multiple KP (FSW, TW, people who use drugs) increases the likelihood of experiencing police violence, highlighting the need of an intersectional approach to develop interventions to reduce stigma and violence against FSW. CBOs have provided essential support and services during the crisis to FSWs, and other KPs, who may have avoided traditional healthcare structures due to fear or experiences of discrimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female sex workers and police violence during the Covid-19 health crisis in 2020–2021: results from the EPIC multi-country community-based research program in Argentina

Arístegui

Ávila²,

Villes³

et al. 2022

Harm Reduct J

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“…Due to the lack of supportive environment, the vulnerability of personal privacy information to disclosure in the implementation of HIV health services, as well as AIDS-related discrimination and stigma pose a threat to the quality of health services, and have a serious impact on patients' mental health and the quality of health services. Research by Rames [39] and Yuchen Mao [40] suggests that social stigma is common, and this stigma and social stress can lead to depression, reduced quality of life and negative treatment outcomes. We suggested that regulatory agencies should work to reduce stigma effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model

Lin

Zhong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: We assessed the utilization of HIV health services and its influencing factors on consistent condom use, HIV testing and HIV counseling among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. From April 2013 to October 2014, a sample survey was conducted in southwest China including Chongqing, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Guangxi, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM who met the requirements and were recruited. Based on Anderson Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. There were 1727 valid questionnaires. SAS 9.4 was used for univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the factors influencing the utilization of health services. AMOS Graphics 24.0 was used to construct the path diagram through path analysis to explore the effect among various factors. Results: In the survey of HIV health services, 9.96% of respondents consistently used condoms, 78.00% had HIV testing, and 60.63% had HIV counseling. Among the predisposing factor, the older respondents are, the easier it is to be tested for HIV(β=0.078, p＜0.001). Among the enabling factor, urban registration is a factor that promotes HIV testing and counseling(β=0.064,p=0.003 and β=0.072, p=0.002). Among the need factor, HIV knowledge score is also a key point affecting testing and counseling(β=0.157, p＜0.001 and β=0.184, p＜0.001). The diagnosis of STD can promote respondents counseling(β=0.051, p=0.031). Depression is a contributing factor to consistent condom use(β=0.051,p=0.033), but negative to HIV counseling(β=-0.119, p＜0.001). Conclusions: For these groups, MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services. HIV knowledge should be promoted in health education, physical and mental health diagnosis and treatment should also be strengthened.

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“…Owing to the special nature of MSM population, the difference in public awareness, and the complexity of the public opinion environment, privacy disclosure in this population may cause physical and psychological harm and negative impact on personal life. Once their privacy is leaked, they may face problems such as discrimination, stigma, breakdown of social relationships, and even experience anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders [38][39][40]. After receiving a reminder message, users may be likely to quickly close the page to prevent it from being seen by others.…”

Section: Principal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Reminder System on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Prospective Cohort Study Based on WeChat Intervention

Lin¹,

Liu²,

He³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Background The efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly dependent on adherence, and one of the main reasons for poor adherence is forgetfulness. Therefore, it is important to explore how to remind users to take their medicine on time. Objective This study aims to explore the effect of a reminder system on PrEP adherence in men who have sex with men (MSM) to improve adherence. The main function of the reminder system based on the WeChat social media app is to send daily messages to PrEP users reminding them to take their medicine. Methods An open-label, multicenter, prospective cohort study of PrEP in HIV-negative MSM was conducted from November 2019 to June 2021. Study participants who met the criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups: no-reminder group and reminder group. Both groups received daily oral PrEP with follow-up every 3 months. Adherence was measured on the basis of self-report and was defined as the percentage of medications taken on time. Participants in the reminder group scanned a WeChat QR code and received a reminder message every day. Participants in the no-reminder group took daily oral medicines without reminders. The longitudinal trajectories of adherence for both groups were displayed to compare the variability in adherence at each time point. The association between the changes in adherence (no change, improvement, decline) at each time point and the use of the reminder system was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression models to further explore the effectiveness of the system. Results A total of 716 MSM were included in the analysis, that is, 372 MSM in the no-reminder group and 344 MSM in the reminder group. Adherence in the no-reminder group fluctuated between 0.75 and 0.80 and that in the reminder group gradually increased over time from 0.76 to 0.88. Adherence at each time point was not statistically different between the 2 groups. Further analysis showed that an improvement in adherence in the early stage was associated with the use of the reminder system (odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.70; P=.04). An improvement in average adherence compared to initial adherence was positively associated with the use of the reminder system (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.10-3.01; P=.02). Conclusions The effect of the reminder system on PrEP adherence in MSM was more significant in the early stage, which is related to the increased motivation of users and the development of medicine-taking habits. The reminder system is potentially effective for early-stage medicine management, encouraging users to develop healthy medicine-taking habits and to increase their adherence. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial ChiCTR190026414; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=35077

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Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Female sex workers and police violence during the Covid-19 health crisis in 2020–2021: results from the EPIC multi-country community-based research program in Argentina

Female sex workers and police violence during the Covid-19 health crisis in 2020–2021: results from the EPIC multi-country community-based research program in Argentina

Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model

Effect of a Reminder System on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Prospective Cohort Study Based on WeChat Intervention

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