Factors Associated With Media Addiction in Korean Elementary School Children

Bae, Eunjeong; Choi, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Hyejung; Kim, Heejung

doi:10.1177/1059840520946378

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…A study of elementary school students in Korea found that PIU is related to gender, a mother’s educational level, spending time without parents, media exposure time, personal feelings such as happiness, and parenting style [ 6 ]. Influencing factors related to PIU of children and adolescents are classified into family, school, and individual dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work–Family Conflict on Children’s Internet Addiction: Role of Parenting Styles in Korean Working Mother

Yang

Kim

2021

IJERPH

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Based on spillover and crossover models in the family system, we hypothesized the mediating effect of parenting style in the association between maternal work–family conflict (WFC) and children’s problematic internet (PIU). This is a cross-sectional study using data from the 10th wave Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) in 2017. The study subjects were 707 mothers and their children. The WFC was measured using the Marshall and Barnett scale, parenting style by the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire developed by Robinson, and the PIU of a child by the K-Scale for adolescent observers. As a result, maternal WFC had a positive association with the PIU of a child. Maternal WFC also had a link with parenting styles. Specifically, WFC had a negative association with an authoritative parenting style, and a positive association with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Regarding the relationship between maternal WFC and the PIU of a child, parenting styles showed a mediating effect for authoritative (z = 2.08, p = 0.037), authoritarian (z = 2.71, p = 0.007), and permissive (z = 3.14, p = 0.002). Based on the results, we assert that when planning an intervention to reduce children’s PIU for working mothers, a multifaceted approach is essential, including both WFC and parenting behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work–Family Conflict on Children’s Internet Addiction: Role of Parenting Styles in Korean Working Mother

Yang

Kim

2021

IJERPH

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“…Across studies carried out in Eastern countries, the percentage of children classified as potential 'mobile phone users with problems' or 'risky media users' ranged between 20.9% [60] and 22.91% [61]. Moreover, adolescents showed higher PMU as compared to children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies significantly associated the amount of children's time spent consuming media with PMU [68,69]. Children involved in the 'high-risk group' of PMU [61,[69][70][71] were found more prone to consume media more than 2 h a day, while those in the 'no-risk group' less than 2 h a day [61,69].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning screening tools aimed at detecting PMU from a parental perspective, the Problematic Media Use Measure (PMUM) [33] was the most used [58,72,73], followed by the Korean Scale for Internet Addiction (K-Scale) [61,74,75] which was instead found to be the most used screening tool to measure PMU from children's perspective [61,62,70,[75][76][77]. Other employed tools were the Computer Addiction Scale for Children [71,78,79], the Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS) [80][81][82], the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ) [10,63,83], and the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) [84][85][86].…”

Section: Main Instruments Used To Measure Children's Pmumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study showed that dysfunctional parent-child interaction at Time 1 positively predicted a child's PMU at Time 3 [58]. Moreover, time spent without parents (for 2-4 h a day) was positively associated with higher children's PMU [61]. Three studies observed that parents experiencing psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic [67] and maternal depressive symptoms [58,76] significantly affected PMU among children.…”

Section: Contextual Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problematic Media Use among Children up to the Age of 10: A Systematic Literature Review

Rega

Gioia

2023

IJERPH

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Introduction: Digital screen media use has significantly grown in all age groups and at an increasingly young age, including toddlers, schoolers, and primary school children. Although there is evidence that excessive early childhood media exposure can lead to several negative developmental outcomes, no systematic review on Problematic Media Use (PMU) of children under 10 years old have been provided. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify (i) the main instruments used to measure children’s PMU across different studies; (ii) the risk and protective factors which might increase or reduce children’s PMU; and (iii) the negative outcomes associated with children’s PMU. Methods: This study was conducted following the systematic review guidelines proposed in the PRISMA statement. A total of 35 studies published between 2012–2022 and with a mean sample age between 0 and 10 years old were ultimately included in this literature review. Results: Use of media for more than 2 h a day, male gender, and higher age increased the risk of developing PMU among children. PMU led to several negative consequences for children’s development and well-being (e.g., more problematic behaviors, sleep problems, higher depressive symptoms, lower emotional intelligence, and lower academic achievements). Children who experienced negative psychological symptoms, a dysfunctional parent–child relationship, and difficulties in school context were more prone to develop PMU. However, an authoritative parenting style and restrictive parental mediation reduced the risk of developing PMU among children. Finally, self-report measures specifically designed to get the younger children’s perspective are still few and not so widely used. Conclusions: Overall, this research field is still in its infancy and needs further investigation. Likely, a dysfunctional family system can lead children to experience emotional distress and negative psychological symptoms, which they try to manage by escaping into the virtual world, thus increasing the risk of developing PMU. As the children’s PMU is closely affected by the family environment, future prevention interventions should target both children and their parents to improve their self-regulatory and mentalizing capabilities, as well as parental mediation strategies and general parenting practices.

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Factors Associated With Media Addiction in Korean Elementary School Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

Work–Family Conflict on Children’s Internet Addiction: Role of Parenting Styles in Korean Working Mother

Work–Family Conflict on Children’s Internet Addiction: Role of Parenting Styles in Korean Working Mother

Problematic Media Use among Children up to the Age of 10: A Systematic Literature Review

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