Factors associated with HIV testing among young females; further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu; Fekadu, Gedefaw Abeje

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228783

Cited by 52 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this study women with primary and higher education had higher odds of HIV testing compared with women without formal education, which is supported by studies conducted in Ethiopia 21 , 25 and Spain. 24 The reason for this is that education can improve HIV-related knowledge and improves income among women that in turn increases maternal health service use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women: A Multilevel Analysis Using the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data from 11 East African Countries

Worku¹,

Teshale²,

Tesema³

2021

HIV

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In developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is higher. Although the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and other organizations are working to eliminate MTCT, a large number of pregnant women are not screened for HIV in most African countries. Methods: The demographic health survey (DHS) used two-stage stratified sampling technique to select the study participants and we appended the most recent DHS done in the 11 East African countries. A weighted sample of 53, 420 women were included. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was used due to the hierarchical structure of the DHS data. To determine whether or not there was a clustering, the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Median Odds Ratio (MOR) were determined. Model comparison was conducted using deviance (−2LL). Results: The prevalence of HIV testing among pregnant women was 77.56% [95% CI= 77.20%, 77.91%]. In the Multivariable multi-level analysis, variables such as respondent age, wealth index, marital status, educational level, HIV knowledge, HIV stigma indicator, risky sexual activity, women visiting health care facilities, multiple sexual partnership, early sexual initiation, and awareness about MTCT were the individual-level factors that were associated with HIV testing among pregnant women. While residence and community-level education were the community-level factors that were significantly associated with HIV testing. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV testing and counseling among pregnant women was higher compared to the previous report. Respondent age, wealth index, marital status, educational level, HIV knowledge, HIV stigma indicator, risky sexual activity, women visiting health care facilities, multiple sexual partnership, early sexual initiation, residence, community-level education and awareness about MTCT were the significant determinant of HIV testing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women: A Multilevel Analysis Using the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data from 11 East African Countries

Worku¹,

Teshale²,

Tesema³

2021

HIV

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“…Of the other determinants analysed, this study found strong evidence of higher odds of HIV testing among the most educated women, consistent with other studies on youth in the SSA region (19,32,60). The education-based inequity widened in the last survey, mostly among non-pregnant women, indicating the need to reach the least educated youths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The proportions achieved in testing coverage among adolescents in 2018 are still far from the testing targets set by the Zambian Ministry of Health for this year (70% and 50% for adolescent girls and boys, respectively) (8). A recent study in Zambia and several other countries from the SSA region have also reported lower odds of testing among adolescents (19,32,60,61). Most supported the fact that older age is likely to confer more sexual experience and better knowledge of HIV, which may accordingly improve the perception of the risk and affect the need for HIV testing (19,71,72).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Heri

Cavallaro

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IntroductionZambia is among the countries with the highest HIV burden and where youth remain disproportionally affected. Access to HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a crucial step to ensure the reduction of HIV transmission. This study examines the changes that occurred between 2007 and 2018 in access to HTC, inequities in testing uptake, and determinants of HTC uptake among youth.MethodsWe carried out repeated cross-sectional analyses using three Zambian Demographic and Health Surveys (2007, 2013-14, and 2018). We calculated the percentage of women and men ages 15-24 years old who were tested for HIV in the last 12 months. We analysed inequity in HTC coverage using indicators of absolute inequality. We performed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of HTC uptake in the last 12 months.ResultsHIV testing uptake increased between 2007 and 2018, from 45% to 92% among pregnant women, 10% to 58% among non-pregnant women, and from 10% to 49% among men. By 2018 roughly 60% of youth tested in the past 12 months used a government health centre. Mobile clinics were the second most common source reaching up to 32% among adolescent boys by 2018. Multivariate analysis conducted among men and non-pregnant women showed higher odds of testing among 20-24 year-olds than adolescents (aOR=1.55, [95%CI:1.30-1.84], among men; and aOR=1.74, [1.40-2.15] among women). Among men, being circumcised (aOR=1.57, [1.32-1.88]) and in a union (aOR=2.44, [1.83-3.25]) were associated with increased odds of testing. For women greater odds of testing were associated with higher levels of education (aOR=6.97, [2.82-17.19]) and not reporting HIV-related stigma. Education-based inequity was considerably widened among women than men by 2018.ConclusionHTC uptake among Zambian youth improved considerably by 2018 and reached 65% and 49% tested in the last 12 months for women and men, respectively. However, achieving the goal of 90% envisioned by 2020 will require sustaining the success gained through government health centres, and scaling up community-led approaches proven acceptable and effective in reaching young men and adolescent girls who are less easy to reach through the government facilities.

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“…Various studies showed that being urban resident [ 21 ], having least stigmatizing attitudes [ 22 , 23 ], attending secondary and higher education [ 22 ], women with aged 25–34 years and 35+ [ 21 ], being rich in wealth index, divorced/widowed [ 24 ], undergone sexual intercourse [ 24 ], drinking alcohol [ 25 ] were positively associated with premarital HIV testing. On the other hand, unable to read and write [ 24 ], being unemployed [ 26 ], were inversely related to premarital HIV testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with premarital HIV testing among married women in Ethiopia

Ahmed

Seid

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background Premarital HIV testing is the key entry point in prevention, care, treatment, and support services, in which people learn their HIV status and its implications to make informed decisions about their health. This study was, therefore, conducted to identify factors associated with premarital HIV testing among married women in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used, and secondary data analysis was done using 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS). Two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and weighted percentage of the variables, and second-order Rao-Scott statistic were computed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control confounders and to identify predictors of premarital HIV testing. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was considered to declare statistically significant associations. Result The total sample comprised 9602 married women. In this study, the odds of premarital HIV testing were associated with being urban residents ( AOR: 1.81; 95% CI : 2.74–5.20 ), attended primary education (AOR: 1.54; 95%:1.27–1.87), secondary education (AOR:2.34; 95% CI:1.70–3.23), higher education (AOR: 2.92 ; 95% CI:1.90–4.50), access to media ( AOR: 1.44; 95% CI:1.20–1.76), being rich (AOR: 1.52; 95%CI:1.12–2.07), andrichest (AOR: 1.67;95%CI:1.15–2.44), known the place of HIV testing (AOR: 4.95; 95% CI:3.44–7.11), discriminatory attitude to PLHIV ( AOR: 1.47; 95%CI:1.23–1.76), being khat chewer( AOR: 1.60 ;95%CI:1.11–2.31 ), and alcohol drinker (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI:1.27–1.90 ). Conclusion It is possible to conclude that being urban resident, attending education (primary, secondary, higher), media access, improved wealth index, knowing the places for HIV testing, chewing khat, drinking alcohol, and having discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV were positively associated with premarital HIV testing. The Ethiopian government needs to step up efforts to expand education for all Women. Advancing access to HIV testing for rural women may also increase premarital HIV testing services uptake. Further qualitative researches need to be done to assess the relationship between discriminatory attitude towards PLHIV and premarital HIV testing.

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Factors associated with HIV testing among young females; further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women: A Multilevel Analysis Using the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data from 11 East African Countries

Prevalence and Associated Factors of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women: A Multilevel Analysis Using the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data from 11 East African Countries

Changes over time in HIV testing and counselling uptake and associated factors among youth in Zambia: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2007 to 2018

Factors associated with premarital HIV testing among married women in Ethiopia

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