Factors Associated with HIV Testing Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Uddin, Sheikh Moin; Islam, Md. Ashraful; Saw, Aik; Lestrel, Pete E.; Banna, Hasanul; Sarker, Moklesur Rahman

doi:10.1080/09751270.2018.1424512

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results were similar to the studies of Attallah et al in Sudan who reported a mean of 13.89 ± 0.15 years (17), Attallah et al in Egypt who reported a mean of 13.89 ± 0.18 years (18), Mohamed A et al in Khartoum who reported a mean of 13.06 + 1.10 years (17), Beatrice O et al in Uganda who reported the mean of 13.6 ± 1.3 years (19) and Asma T et al in Iran reported the mean of 13.86 ± 1.10 years (20). Our mean was higher than studies done by Abieyuwa P et al who reported a mean of 12.3 ± 1.18 years in Nigeria (21), Golam H et al In Bangladesh who found a mean of 12.19 ± 1.04 years (22), and Abdorrahim A et al in Iran who reported a mean of 12.87 ± 1.17 years (23). Also, our mean was lowered than studies of Tunau K et al in Nigeria who reported a mean of 15.26 years (16), and Desalegn T et al in Ethiopia who reported a mean of 14.8 (13.9-15.3) years (24).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…our observations were comparable to the study of Abieyuwa P et al who reported that menarcheal age was in uenced by the social status of parents, being lowest among girls from social class 1 (11.8 ± 1.25 years) and highest among girls from social class 5 (14.1 ± 1.14 years; P = 0.0001) (21). Also, Golam H et al mentioned Early menarche was especially found among girls who came from high socio-economic status (22). But Abdorrahim et al in Iran found there was no signi cant relationship between socioeconomic status and the age of menarche (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Is the age of menarche influenced by a girl's socioeconomic status?

BIRIR

Berir

Eljack

et al. 2023

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Background Menarche is a key indicator of puberty and is influenced by a variety of variables, including socioeconomic status and their residence. To provide health services and menstrual health education to schoolgirls, health policymakers must be aware of the menarche age. Here in we aimed to investigate the timing of menarche in secondary school girls and its associations with socioeconomic status and body mass index. Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled 130 girls carried out from January to march 2023 in secondary schools in Shabasha City, White Nile State, Sudan. Structured questionnaires were used to gather the personal information from the girls and parents, age at menarche, and factors influencing age at menarche, height, and weight. Results The mean age of girls was 16.5 ± 1 years while the mean age of menarche was found to be 13.6 ± 1.3 years, and the majority of the girls had menarche age of 14 years 44(33.8%) and 13 years 42(32.3%). Mothers (n = 86; 66.2%), sisters or friends (n = 84; 64.6%), and teachers (n = 81; 62.3%) were the main advisors. Also, examinations were the main stressor in 12(9.2%) girls. The age of menarche was found to be negatively correlated with BMI (r= -0.365; P. value = 0.027), and underweight girls had a later age of menarche (14.81.4 years; P. value = 0.000). Furthermore, girls with low socioeconomic status had menarche at a later age (14.61.3 years). Menarche occurred later in girls who lived with their father alone (14.31.6 years) and with their mother alone (140.5 years). The age of menarche had no effect on parental education, family size, or stressors (P value > 0.05). Conclusion The age of menarche among schoolgirls was found to be relatively similar to that reported in Sudan and other countries in the region. It was significantly related to the girls' BMI, socioeconomic status, and the types of residents.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Is the age of menarche influenced by a girl's socioeconomic status?

BIRIR

Berir

Eljack

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Our results also revealed a relationship between education and odds of viral load testing, with those who completed any level of formal education having higher odds of testing than those with no education. A similar result was seen in a study in Bangladesh, which found that FSWs with secondary or higher levels of education were significantly more likely than others to have been tested for HIV [13]. These findings underscore the need to promote education among FSWs and the general population, to improve access and adherence to healthcare services [14].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 77%

Factors associated with viral load testing and viral suppression among HIV-positive female sex workers in Nigeria

Nwosu,

Kalaiwo,

Ngambi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk for HIV infection and face unique barriers to receiving and adhering to testing and treatment. Early viral suppression and consistent viral load testing are critical to optimizing health and reducing transmission in this population. However, the factors associated with testing and successful viral suppression among FSWs are poorly understood, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to examine factors, including social, demographic, and clinical characteristics, associated with viral load testing and suppression among female sex workers initiating antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed routine programmatic data from FSWs enrolled in the National HIV Key Populations (KP) program in Nigeria. We included FSWs who were newly diagnosed with HIV and registered between January 2016 and January 2022. Primary outcomes of interest were a), receiving a viral load test at any point after treatment initiation and b), viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml) at the test closest to 6 months after treatment initiation. To identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest, we used univariable and multivariable logistic regression, with random intercepts for care facilities, and multiple imputation for missing values. Findings Out of 34,976 FSWs, 97.1% (n = 33,945) received at least one viral load test, with 94.5% (n = 32,092) indicating viral suppression. The odds of receiving at least one viral load test were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, those with formal education and those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.17 [1.14–1.19] for those who entered treatment in 2020 vs. 2016; 1.02 [1.01–1.03] for post-secondary vs. no education; and 1.05 [1.01–1.10] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively). The odds of successful viral suppression were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, but lower for those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (aOR: 1.13 [1.09–1.18] for 2022 vs. 2016; and 0.92 [0.87–0.98] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively). Conclusions The study underscored the relevance of timely diagnosis and ART initiation for optimal outcomes among HIV-positive FSWs in Nigeria. We also observed significant improvements in the likelihood of early viral load testing and suppression over the study period, reflecting advancements in the KP program. Further research should clarify factors driving these trends to further strengthen the HIV care pipeline for female sex workers.

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“…Multiple regression depicted that HIV testing is 2.5 times (P<0.001) more likely to be associated with STIs, as observed in a recent study [ 18 ]. A prior study in Bangladesh reported that FCSWs with a previous history of STI-testing were 6.6 times more likely to have HIV-testing [ 54 ]. Recent behavioral surveillance [ 2 ] reported a lower response to HIV-testing among hotel-based FCSWs than on-street FCSWs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer FCSWs in this study have been tested for HIV, reported lower than in other studies [18,54]. It might be due to being asymptomatic for any STI, newcomers, or many years in the sex trade, as nowadays, cost-free HIV testing is accessible for key populations in Bangladesh [2].…”

Section: Work Environmentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Social and structural determinants associated with the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female commercial sex workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Kawser,

Khan,

Hossain

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) bear higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among key populations. The association of structural determinants and STIs among FCSWs was not at the forefront of research earlier in Bangladesh. This study examined how structural factors correlate with the prevalence of STIs at physical/social/economic/policy levels among FCSWs in Dhaka city. 495 FCSWs were screened for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis. Structural variables (Individual risks, high-risk sexual behaviors, work environments) were extracted from the previous multi-level study on FCSWs and analyzed in 2020 to determine whether macro/micro-structural factors were associated with STIs. The prevalence of STIs was 43.6% (95% CI: 39.1%-48). Most (n = 207/495) FCSWs were infected with Syphilis or Hepatitis B, only 1.8% had co-infection, and none was positive for HIV. Multiple logistic regression revealed that ’Individual risk’ factors like age (≤18 years, adjusted odds ratio = AOR = .28; 18.1–29.9 years, AOR = .57), years in the sex industry (<1 year AOR = .15; 1–5 years, AOR = .39), and condoms as contraceptives (AOR = 2.7) were significantly associated with STIs. Considering ‘High-risk behaviors’ like monthly coitus with regular clients (AOR = .33), performing no anal sex ever (AOR = .03), and consistent condom use (AOR = .13) were less likely to be associated with STIs (P<0.05), while the association of ever group sex with STIs reported to double (AOR = 2.1). ’Work environment’ like sex on roads/parks/shrines/markets (AOR = 2.6) and ever HIV-testing (AOR = 2.5) were significantly linked with STIs. However, micro-level factors like experiencing forced sex in the past year (AOR = 1.79) and condoms collected from hotel boys (AOR = .34) were significantly associated with STIs in the ‘Hierarchical- model’ with increasing model-power. ‘Micro-structural’ determinants predominated over ‘Macro/policy-level factors’ and profoundly influenced STIs. FCSWs need comprehensive and integrated interventions to promote accurate condom use perception, eliminate risky sexual behaviors, and provide quality reproductive health care. Necessary steps at the policy level are urgently needed to decriminalize commercial sex work.

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Factors Associated with HIV Testing Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Is the age of menarche influenced by a girl's socioeconomic status?

Is the age of menarche influenced by a girl's socioeconomic status?

Factors associated with viral load testing and viral suppression among HIV-positive female sex workers in Nigeria

Social and structural determinants associated with the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female commercial sex workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

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