Factors associated with HIV risk perception among people who inject drugs: Findings from a cross-sectional behavioral survey in Kermanshah, Iran

Armoon, Bahram; Noroozi, Mehdi; Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; Sharhani, Asaad; Ahounbar, Elahe; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Ahmadi, Sina; Farhoudian, Ali; Rahmani, Azam; Abbasi, Mohammad; Marshal, Brandon D.L.; Rezaei, Omid; Rezaei, Fatemeh; Sharifi, Hamid; Najafi, Mohammad Reza; Bazrafshan, Ali; Farhadi, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.1080/14659891.2017.1348554

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The most commonly used illicit drugs globally are cannabis, opioids and stimulants [2]. The criminalization of drug use has serious public health consequences that adversely impact on the global community [3][4][5]. Previous studies have highlighted the negative health consequences of some drugs for people who use them [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis in order to investigate relationship between drug use and oral health. Methods: We searched for studies in English published before July 1, 2019 on PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science. We assessed the relationship between drug use (methamphetamines, heroin; opiates; crack, cocaine and cannabis as dependent variables) and reported tooth loss, periodontal disease, or decayed, missing, and filled teeth index as an independent variable. The data were analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. Results:We initially identified 1836 potential articles (with 1100 duplicates) and screened the remaining 736 titles and abstracts, comprising 54 studies. In the next step, we evaluated the full-texts; 44 studies were excluded, accordingly. In total, we included 10 publications in the meta-analysis. Drug type was associated with periodontal disease (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.8-2.6) and pooled estimates showed that type of drug used increased the odds of the number of decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.07-8.15) respectively. Conclusions: The analytical challenges of segregating the impact of individual drug types on oral health diseases mean that investigations on the direct relationship between oral health status and drug use are limited. Developing programs to improve potential confounding with various substances and addressing the dental health needs of people who use drugs is vital if we are to improve their overall quality of life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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“…Despite the importance of risk perception, much of the research continues to use singleitem scales to measure the construct [30][31][32][33][34], which constitutes a limited ability to reflect the variability of people's perceptions [14,35], and these single-item scales have less or no validity evidence to support them [36]. However, there are some scales to address risk perception that overcome these constraints; they include multiple items and have some evidence of reliability and validity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evidence of validity of the HIV risk perception scale for young adults in a Hispanic-American context

et al. 2020

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HIV/AIDS is a public health problem that is transmitted through risky sexual behavior. The literature suggests that the perception of HIV risk is a motivator for the prevention of risky sexual behaviors. There is no culturally adapted scale to assess HIV risk perception in the Hispanic-American population. The aim of this research was to develop a scale to assess HIV risk perception in Hispanic-American young adults. A cross-sectional instrumental design was used, with a sample of students from the Chilean city with the highest HIV rates. Participants (n = 524) were between 18 and 33 years old, of whom 51% were women, 84.4% said they were heterosexual and 43.7% said they had not been tested for HIV/AIDS. The final scale has 9 items and 2 dimensions: (1) perceived risk susceptibility and (2) perceived risk severity. The results showed that the identified structure provided adequate levels of reliability (ω > .8) and presented evidence of validity, based on the internal structure of the test (i.e., using ESEM) and on the relationship with other variables (i.e., the sexual risk behaviors scale). In addition, the results showed strong invariance between the scores for men and women. It is concluded that the HIV risk perception scale has adequate psychometric properties to assess HIV risk perception in equivalent samples.

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“…There is evidence that providing education programs for drug treatment staff aimed at improving the HCV awareness i is beneficial in promoting HCV services among PWID [ 59 ]. HIV service integration highlights the need for developing strategies due to increased demands [ 9 , 60 ]. Such plans could help to improve the HCV-related knowledge of the general population, which in turn results in eliminating targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, rates of HCV testing, treatment, and linkage to care are still low in many places around the world [ 5 ]. A number of social factors impact on treatment access including unstable housing, social stigma, health care providers’ attitudes, criminalization of drug use, and gender [ 6 – 9 ]. Historically, HCV infection has been described as a silent epidemic, with estimations suggesting that half of those infected are not currently aware of their HCV status [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and high risk behaviours associated with HCV testing among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Karimi

Bayani

Higgs

et al. 2020

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Hepatitis C diagnosis could be a gateway to behavioral change and subsequent decline in transmission among people who inject drugs (PWIDs). We assessed the association between the social determinants of PWID, their risk behaviors and hepatitis C testing. Methods We searched for studies in English published before May 1, 2020, on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on the factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among PWID. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) criteria. i) population: individuals who report injecting drugs; ii) intervention: HCV testing in the past year; iii) comparator: PWIDs who did not have an HCV test; iv) outcome: HCV testing among PWIDs and v) study type: cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies. Two independent reviewers (author BA and AB) chose the references in a two-phased monitoring process. The authors gathered data from selected papers, including the surname of the first author, publication date, participant demographic data (age, sex, and level of education) and other characteristics like previous HCV testing, past treatment attempts, duration of injecting drug use and condomless sex. We used fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the pooled prevalence, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. The data were analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. Results After a detailed assessment of over 12,000 articles, a total of 16 studies containing 38,952 participants met the eligibility criteria. Our findings showed a pooled prevalence rate of 61.01% (95% CI, 34.65–84.32%) for recent HCV testing among PWIDs. Being female (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.13, 2.26), aged > 30 years, (OR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.66–3.56) having past treatment attempt (OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.80–2.68), and reporting a previous test (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.23–2.82). were significantly associated with having a recent HCV test.,,. Finding of present study was that unprotected sex had a negative association with HCV testing. Those PWIDs who had unprotected sex were 0.56 times less likely to have completed HCV testing during last year (OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.33–0.78). Conclusion Prevention programs that address age > 30 years, being female, past treatment attempt, previous testing of safe sexual practices, are strongly recommended to prioritize HCV risk reduction strategies.

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Factors associated with HIV risk perception among people who inject drugs: Findings from a cross-sectional behavioral survey in Kermanshah, Iran

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Development and evidence of validity of the HIV risk perception scale for young adults in a Hispanic-American context

Prevalence and high risk behaviours associated with HCV testing among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

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