Factors associated with HIV infection among delivered women in Sergipe, Brazil

Lemos, Lígia Mara Dolce de; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiróz; Rivas, Juan José L; Souza, Luiz de

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-2-156

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This specifically translated into three times higher likelihood of being infected with HIV-1 if presenting for care late in the (Cohen et al, 2008;Kupka et al, 2009;Lemos et al, 2009;Pai et al, 2008). It is unknown, if this phenomenon is due to a prior knowledge of HIV status and stigma and discrimination related to that , versus a general lack of health seeking behavior among HIV-positive women (Chomat et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There were a fifth of HIV-positive women who were illiterate and were five times more likely to be HIV-positive. Lack of knowledge of HIV and its prevention are an important risk factor for HIV infection (Lemos et al, 2009), and acquisition of such knowledge has been related to education. Several studies have linked illiteracy to HIV risk (Henrion et al, 1991;Johnson et al, 2009;Kunte et al, 1999;Lemos et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have assessed HIV awareness, attitudes, acceptance and barriers to perinatal testing, risk of mother to child transmission, and prevalence of abuse among pregnant women in India (Brown et al, 2001;Choudhury & Kutty, 2007;Kunte et al, 1999;Purwar, Jeyaseelan, Varhadpande, Motghare, & Pimplakute, 1999;Rahbar, Garg, Tripathi, Gupta, & Singh, 2007;A. Rogers et al, 2006;Samuel et al, 2007;Shrotri et al, 2003;Singh, Fukuda, Ingle, & Tatara, 2002) (Johnson, Dorrington, Bradshaw, du Plessis, & Makubalo, 2009;Kipp et al, 2009;Lemos, Gurgel, Rivas, & de Souza, 2009). But it is difficult to extrapolate the findings from these other settings, to the Indian situation, due to the unique pattern of HIV transmission in India (Gangakhedkar et al, 1997;Newmann et al, 2000;M.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Predictors of HIV positivity among pregnant women presenting for obstetric care in South India – a case-control study

et al. 2011

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Feminization of the HIV epidemic in India has increasingly burdened the public health infrastructure to provide prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. A mere 20% of pregnant women in the country receive HIV counseling and testing. One of the strategies, for expansion of PMTCT services is to ascertain an accurate identification of HIV-positive pregnant women. Thus, we sought to characterize a demographic profile of pregnant women at high-risk for HIV infection. We performed a retrospective case-control study. We included as cases, all HIV-positive women identified in a PMTCT program implemented in 23 charitable faith-based hospitals in four states in South India over a period of 75 months, starting in January 2003. Thus a total of 320 HIV-positive cases were frequency matched using stratified random sampling to 365 HIV-negative pregnant women presenting for antenatal care during the same time period. Cases and controls were compared using Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables. Multivariate step-wise logistic regression analysis was performed. On multivariate analysis, following factors were independently predictive of HIV positivity: age ≤25 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.76; p = 0.001); illiteracy (OR 4.89; CI 2.79-8.57; p <0.0001); woman holding a service and/or professional job (OR 0.27; CI 0.14-0.53; p <0.0001); spouses holding a service or higher job (OR 3.13; CI 2.13-4.59; p <0.0001); being married ≤5 years (OR 2.89; CI 1.68-4.95; p <0.0001); late gestational age at presentation (OR 3.06; CI 2.04-4.59; p <0.0001); history of fetal and/or live born loss (OR 2.36; CI 1.51-3.67; p <0.0001). To our knowledge this is the first large study to evaluate factors predictive of HIV positivity among women presenting for antenatal care in the Indian setting. This type of profiling of HIV-positive pregnant women may help expand PMTCT services in a focused and cost-effective manner in India.

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