Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life among Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with high mortality, morbidity, poor general health, and loss of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of the study was to assess the factors associated with HRQOL among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis was a cross sectional study conducted among 283 T2DM patients during June 2011 and September 2012 at a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The respondents were purposively and conveniently selected according to their availability during their routine visit to the outpatient clinics and they were interviewed using the Arabic version of the Short-Form 36-item survey (SF-36) to assess the HRQOL.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 56.4±13.2 years. Around 63% (178) were males and 37% (105) were females. Glycosylated hemoglobin level was found to be significantly higher among female and HRQOL was higher among male. Respondents who were more than 50 years old had poor HRQOL than less than 50 years age group. Poor economic status, reported diabetic complications and longer duration of diabetes were significantly associated with poor HRQOL. The respondents treated with combination of therapies (oral medication plus insulin) indicated better HRQOL than patients with insulin therapy alone. Multivariate analysis indicated that gender, economic status (except subscale energy), and complications of DM (except subscale energy) as independent risk factor for HRQOL.ConclusionGender, economic status, and complication of DM were independent risk factors for majority of the subscales of HRQOL.

Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors among adult Population in Bisha Province, Southwest of Saudi Arabia

“…According to our findings, increasing age was an important risk factor associated with DM in Bisha province, which is in agreement with other reports from other parts of Saudi Arabia (Al Hayek et al, 2014;Amin et al, 2014;Murad et al, 2014) and neighboring countries (Ahmed et al, 2013;Ali, Mehrass, Al-Adhroey, Al-Shammakh & Amran, 2016). Ammarasinghe et al (2015) proposed that geriatric changes in the body systems might invariably contribute to this association.…”

“…Moreover, with increasing age, adipose deposition could be increased which might lead to insulin resistance and increasing rates of blood glucose and blood pressure (Amarasinghe et al, 2015). In consistent with other studies in Saudi Arabia (Al-Nozha et al, 2004;Al Hayek et al, 2014;Amin et al, 2014) and in many parts of the world (Soegondo et al, 2011;Soriguer, et al, 2012;Xia et al, 2013;Akter et al, 2014;Amarasinghe et al, 2015), our report revealed that individuals with high body weight were more likely to develop diabetes. Excess body fat well documented as being a risk factor for various chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (Kamadjeu et al, 2006).…”

“…Diabetes is one of the common emerging public health problems known in Saudi Arabia (Al Hayek et al, 2014;Robert et al, 2016). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study, estimate the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors among adult population in Bisha province in the southwest region.…”

“…A case control study conducted in Al-Qassim, central region found that there are strong associations between diabetes and maternal history of diabetes, education, lack of exercise, and dietary habits (Midhet et al, 2010). Despite Saud Arabia is experiencing the highest relative increase in diabetes and its associated risk factors studied in many parts of the country (Al-Ghamdi et al, 2007;Salam & Siddiqui, 2013;Al Hayek et al, 2014;Murad et al, 2014), but data are limited in Bisha regarding diabetes and its related risk factors (El-Hazmi et al, 1996) . Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of DM among adult population in Bisha province, southwest of Saudi Arabia.…”

“…It has been associated with multiple medical complications that decrease the health-related quality of life and contribute to suboptimal physical and mental functioning and earlier mortality (Al Hayek et al, 2014). Individuals with DM have increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, hypertension and abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism (ADA, 2011).…”