Factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease seroprevalence in small ruminants and identification of hot-spot areas in northern Nigeria

Begovoeva, Mattia; Ehizibolo, David O.; Adedeji, Adeyinka Jeremy; Oguche, Moses; Oyekan, O.A.; Ijoma, Sandra I.; Atai, Rebecca B.; Wungak, Y.S.; Dogonyaro, Banenat B.; Lazarus, ‪David Dazhia; Samson, Mark; Ularamu, Hussaini; Muhammad, Maryam; Rosso, Fabrizio; Sumption, Keith; Beard, Philippa M.; Ludi, Anna B.; Stevens, Kim; Limon, Georgina

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105842

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Continuous monitoring of these variables is crucial for understanding the dynamics of FMD spread at the provincial level in Iran. These findings align with the results of Begovovea et al (2023) study, which identified the population of sheep, plus goats, as significant factors influencing FMD prevalence in northern Nigeria (Bauchi, Kaduna, and Plateau states) 49 . In contrast, while previous studies have highlighted the significance of climate factors such as precipitation in FMD occurrence, our study did not find precipitation to be a significant variable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence: An ecological, cross-sectional study across Iran using spatial modeling

Ashani,

Alesheikh,

Samani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease caused by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, with significant economic costs and uneven distribution across Asia, Africa, and South America. While spatial analysis and modeling of FMD are still in their early stages, this research aimed to identify socio-environmental determinants of FMD incidence in Iran at the provincial level by studying 135 outbreaks reported between March 21, 2017, and March 21, 2018. We obtained 46 potential socio-environmental determinants and selected four variables, including percentage of population, precipitation in January, percentage of sheep, and percentage of goats, to be used in spatial regression models to estimate variation in spatial heterogeneity. In our analysis, we employed global models, namely Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and Spatial Lag Model (SLM), as well as local models, including Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). The MGWR model yielded the highest adjusted of 90%, outperforming the other local and global models. Using local models to map the effects of environmental determinants (such as the percentage of sheep and precipitation) on the spatial variability of FMD incidence provides decision-makers with helpful information for targeted interventions. Our findings advocate for multiscale and multidisciplinary policies to reduce FMD incidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence: An ecological, cross-sectional study across Iran using spatial modeling

Ashani,

Alesheikh,

Samani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We found that seroconversion varied between study areas and between animal species, with a higher proportion of NSP ELISA positive samples in cattle, followed by sheep, and lowest in goats, which is aligned with ndings in previous studies [5,6,9,30,31]. Our study also identi ed that the FOI varies between species and households.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…1a). These LGAs had been identi ed as being at high risk of FMD based on serological testing of samples from small ruminants [5] and FMD outbreaks reported in 2020 [21]. To be eligible for recruitment, households had to raise both cattle and small ruminants (sheep and/or goats) and agree participate in the study.…”

Section: Study Period and Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FMD is endemic in Nigeria and, similar to other endemic countries, outbreaks are reported mainly in cattle. However, FMDV RNA has been detected in sera and epithelial tissues, and evidence of FMD-NSP antibodies has been reported in sheep and goats [5][6][7][8][9]. Higher seroprevalence has been reported in sheep compared to goats [5,9], and lower seroprevalence in sheep compared to cattle [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, FMDV RNA has been detected in sera and epithelial tissues, and evidence of FMD-NSP antibodies has been reported in sheep and goats [5][6][7][8][9]. Higher seroprevalence has been reported in sheep compared to goats [5,9], and lower seroprevalence in sheep compared to cattle [9]. Serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 have been isolated and characterised from cattle samples in Nigeria [7,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal study of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Northern Nigeria: implications for the roles of small ruminants and environmental contamination in endemic settings

Gubbins,

Brown,

Wungak

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed ungulates. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the role of small ruminants and environmental contamination in the epidemiology and endemicity of FMD. A longitudinal study was conducted between March 2021 and October 2021 in northern Nigeria, where monthly samples were collected from five households, one livestock market and one transhumance location in two local government areas (LGA) identified as being at high risk of FMD. Serum samples (n = 783), oral swabs (n = 424) and environmental swabs (n = 458) were collected and tested for the presence of FMDV RNA by rRT-PCR. Serum samples (n = 780) were also tested for the presence of antibodies against FMD virus (FMDV) non-structural proteins. The proportion of FMDV RNA positive samples increased in all sample types collected in one LGA during the period when an FMD outbreak was reported in the same LGA. In contrast, sero-positive samples did not differ by month but differed between LGAs and amongst species. The force of infection (FOI) estimated from age-seroprevalence data for each household was significantly lower in goats compared with both cattle or sheep. Five O/EA-3 topotype sequences were obtained from selected FMDV RNA positive samples; findings which support the use of environmental swabs to detect circulating FMDV strains in endemic settings. These results show oral and environmental swabs are suitable sampling methods for early detection at animal and herd level respectively, and provide insights on the role of small ruminants on FMD epidemiology.

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SVEPM 2022, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine: A joyful hybrid meeting after two years online

Dórea

Vergne

Correia‐Gomes

et al. 2023

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease seroprevalence in small ruminants and identification of hot-spot areas in northern Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence: An ecological, cross-sectional study across Iran using spatial modeling

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence: An ecological, cross-sectional study across Iran using spatial modeling

Longitudinal study of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Northern Nigeria: implications for the roles of small ruminants and environmental contamination in endemic settings

SVEPM 2022, the annual conference of the Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine: A joyful hybrid meeting after two years online

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