Factors Associated with Fluoride Concentrations in Whole and Parotid Ductal Saliva

Abstract

Background/Aims: There are still uncertainties regarding the use of whole and parotid ductal saliva as indicators of chronic exposure to fluoride. This study evaluated the effect of water fluoride concentration, age, gender, geographical area and localization (urban/rural) on fluoride concentrations in whole and ductal saliva. Methods: Subjects (n = 300) aged 3–7, 14–20, 30–40 and 50–60 years, from five communities (A–E) with different fluoride concentrations in the drinking water, participated in the study. Two samples of drinking water and parotid and whole saliva were collected for each subject and were analyzed for fluoride using appropriate electrode techniques. Results: Mean water F concentrations (±SE, mg/l, n = 60) were 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.66 ± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.02, and 1.68 ± 0.08 for A–E, respectively. Mean F concentrations (±SE, mg/l, n = 15) ranged between 0.014 ± 0.002 (A, 3–7 years) and 0.297 ± 0.057 (D, 14–20 years) for whole saliva and 0.009 ± 0.001 (C, 30–40 years) and 0.284 ± 0.038 (E, 50–60 years) for parotid saliva. Results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that geographical area and water fluoride concentration exerted the strongest influence in whole and ductal saliva F concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, parotid ductal saliva seems to be a more appropriate biomarker of fluoride exposure, and factors like age and localization should also be considered when using this biomarker.

Biomarkers for the Assessment of Exposure to Fluoride in Adults

“…Our results showed that the F concentration of water (i.e., F area) was the most important factor influencing the 24-h UFE and F concentration in the other investigated biological markers (saliva, plasma, finger-and toenails). A study in 5 Brazilian communities with drinking water F concentrations of 0.09-1.68 mg/L also reported geographical area and water F concentration as the strongest influencers in whole and ductal saliva F concentrations, respectively [Fukushima et al, 2011], as well as in nail F concentrations [Fukushima et al, 2009]. When we examined the relationship between TDFI and various biomarkers, we found 24-h urine (Fig.…”

Relationship between fluoride exposure and count of Streptococcus mutans in supragingival biofilm of mexican scholar children

“…30 Besides, fluoride contents in saliva and urine in children are positively correlated with the fluoride levels in drinking water. 31 , 32 In this research, it was found that 39% of the drinking water samples presented fluoride levels above 1.5 mg/L. In addition to drinking water, other sources of fluoride have been described such as, fluoridated toothpastes, processed beverages and foods, salt, and other dental products.…”

Fluoride effect on parameters related to glucose homeostasis in NOD mice: using proteomic analysis of liver and gastrocnemius muscle to unravel the underlying mechanisms

“…Fluoride (F) has a fundamental role in maintaining the oral health, because of its potential to control the development of dental caries lesions (Fukushima et al, 2011). Dental caries is considered a chronic worldwide prevalent multifactorial disease, becoming a serious public health problem in developed countries, affecting 2.4 billion individuals, about 35.5% of the total population (Barrington et al, 2019), including around 60-90% of school-age children (Iheozor-Ejiofor et al, 2015).…”