Factors Associated with Delayed Presentation and Misdiagnosis of Testicular Torsion: A Case-Control Study

Straight to the Operating Room: An Emergent Surgery Track for Acute Testicular Torsion Transfers

“…Although older children may precisely pinpoint the onset of scrotal pain, younger children or those with developmental delay may have vague abdominal complaints that receive no attention for substantial periods of time; these populations are more susceptible to delayed presentation and misdiagnosis. 20 Interventions aimed at capturing these occult cases include always considering torsion in the male pediatric patient presenting with lower abdominal pain, and always performing a genitourinary examination in such cases. 20, 21…”

“…20 Interventions aimed at capturing these occult cases include always considering torsion in the male pediatric patient presenting with lower abdominal pain, and always performing a genitourinary examination in such cases. 20, 21…”

Testicular Awareness: The What, the Why, and the How

“…24 A list of risk factors for testicular disorders is presented in Table 2. testiculAr AwAreness: An All-encoMpAssing concept Testicular pain, lumpiness, and swelling are not symptoms of TC exclusively. Testicular torsion, for instance, is known to cause excruciating pain and swelling, 18,38 epididymo-orchitis is the primary cause of testicular swelling and often leads to discomfort and lumpiness, 21 and varicocele, hydrocele, and spermatocele can be painful. 25 The incidence of several non-malignant testicular disorders is higher than that of TC.…”

“…Testicular torsion affects 1 in 4,000 males who are younger than 25 years annually. 18,38 Moreover, each year 600,000 men aged 18 to 50 years are diagnosed with epididymitis in the United States alone, whereas TC occurs in 5.7 per 100,000 men, 5 with only 55,300 cases diagnosed with this malignancy around the world in the year 2012. 40 Therefore, it may be tentatively suggested that the likelihood of the aforementioned symptoms occurring secondary to a benign testicular disease rather than TC is highly probable.…”

“…For instance, testicular torsion is a medical emergency that often causes excruciating scrotal pain. 18 A delay in help-seeking for six hours or more from the onset of pain results in testicular ischemia and necrosis and often necessitates an emergency orchiectomy. 19 Benign testicular disorders also include thrombosis of the pampiniform plexus, a rare life-threatening condition that is often misdiagnosed as hernia or orchitis thus leading to treatment delay.…”