Factors associated with death in confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Background COVID-19 can occur asymptomatically, as influenza-like illness, or as more severe forms, which characterize severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Its mortality rate is higher in individuals over 80 years of age and in people with comorbidities, so these constitute the risk group for severe forms of the disease. We analyzed the factors associated with death in confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between individual demographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables and the outcome (death) using data from the Unified Health System information systems. Methods We used the extreme boosting gradient (XGBoost) model to analyze the data, which uses decision trees weighted by the estimation difficulty. To evaluate the relevance of each independent variable, we used the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) metric. From the probabilities generated by the XGBoost model, we transformed the data to the logarithm of odds to estimate the odds ratio for each independent variable. Results This study showed that older individuals of black race/skin color with heart disease or diabetes who had dyspnea or fever were more likely to die. Conclusions The early identification of patients who may progress to a more severe form of the disease can help improve the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and is thus essential to reduce the lethality of the disease.

Factors Associated With Mortality Among the COVID-19 Patients Treated at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study

“…In addition, studies showed that diabetic patients were more susceptible to nosocomial infections ( 26 , 27 ). These factors may have contributed to higher chances of death in diabetic patients with COVID-19 ( 28 ), which we also observed in our study population.…”

Correction to: Factors associated with death in confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro

“…Following publication of the original article [ 1 ], the authors identified an error in the article title.…”

Profile of reported cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro / Perfil dos casos notificados de síndrome respiratória aguda grave em um hospital do Rio de Janeiro

“…The high prevalence of comorbidities present in the study reflects the national scenario; in Espírito Santo, a study investigating factors related to hospital death from COVID-19 in 2020 was developed, and it was observed that the same chronic diseases mentioned above were linked to the worst prognosis, noting that 71% of smokers died. 1,4,11,13 Despite the low performance of imaging tests (CT scan and chest X-ray) among SARS cases, the literature points to the importance of the tool in evaluating the extent of the disease and possible complications, with the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) being the main diagnostic confirmation criterion. 14 The profile of cases of COVID-19 in relation to SARS due to other causes was composed predominantly of individuals between 60 to 69 years of age, female, and of non-white ethnicity.…”

“…The notification of cases is compulsory and the data are stored in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe). [4][5] In Brazil, by March 14, 2022,655,249 cumulative deaths and 29,380,063 confirmed cases were reported, with an overall lethality of 2.2%, with the South and Southeast regions being the most affected in absolute numbers of cases. In the same period, Rio de Janeiro state exceeded 72,000 deaths and more than 1.9 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, with overall lethality of 3.5%.…”

“…Studies point to patients with heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and neoplasms as the most susceptible to the worst prognosis. 1,4,11 Therefore, the investigation of SARS notifications emerges as a tool to improve decision making and focus actions that are geared towards fighting the pandemic. Considering the importance of evaluating the health surveillance actions implemented to control the pandemic, the present study aims to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and analyze the outcome variable of death among the cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome reported in a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro.…”