Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among residents of Northern California jails

Liu, Yiran E.; Oto, Jillian; Will, John; LeBoa, Christopher; Doyle, Alexis; Rens, Neil; Aggarwal, Shelley; Kalish, Iryna; Rodriguez, Marcela; Sherif, Beruk; Trinidad, Chrisele; Rosario, Michael Del; Allen, Stuart M.; Spencer, Robert; Morales, Carlos; Chyorny, Alexander; Andrews, Jason R

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101771

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Several recent studies have found similar findings that incarcerated individuals’ COVID-19 vaccination acceptance is not solely based on one factor and that a myriad of things unique to carceral settings affect uptake. [ [15] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] ] Many of these themes (e.g. lack of trust and safety concerns) are consistent with vaccine hesitancy among non-incarcerated Black and Latinx communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and uptake: Perspectives from people released from the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Kramer

Song

Sufrin

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and uptake: Perspectives from people released from the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Kramer

Song

Sufrin

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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“…There are no studies that have allowed us to assess the magnitude of the phenomenon and the exact causes. Individual studies indicate that the most common cause of refusals is fear of side effects [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19—Infections and Immunization of Inmates in Penitentiary Institutions in Poland in 2021

Augustynowicz

Bachurska

Wójcik

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Susceptibility to infection and the risk of a severe course of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 among inmates are greater than in the general population. Therefore, it is extremely important to control infections in penitentiary institutions and to vaccinate as many inmates as possible. The objectives of the study are to present the number and percentage of inmates quarantined, infected with the SARS CoV-2 virus, and vaccinated against COVID-19 in 2021, and to describe the rules and organization of immunization. The information presented in the study was obtained from the Ministry of Justice in the form of access to public information. In 2021, 2065 cases of SARS CoV-2 infection were detected among inmates, and 5707 people were quarantined. The waves of infections among inmates in Poland ran parallel to those in the general population. Immunization of inmates began at the turn of February and March 2021. It took place in accordance with the provisions of the National COVID-19 Immunization Program. The program ensured equality of the inmates’ population with the group to which individual inmates belong in the community. In 2021, nearly half of the inmates were covered by the full vaccination course. Inmates were vaccinated immediately after the vaccines were made available. There have been cases of refusals among inmates. There are no data that could determine the magnitude of the phenomenon and its exact causes.

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“…First, regarding limited access to testing, we found that even among residents who reported their flu-like illness to jail staff, only 62% said they were then tested for COVID-19, and 22% said no action was taken. Relatedly, many residents believed that their health concerns were neglected by jail staff; this belief may reflect institutional or medical mistrust that could impede care-seeking or uptake of other preventive measures like vaccination, as has been shown in other studies ( 39 , 46 , 60 ). In particular, residents who were neutral or in disagreement about jail health staff taking their health concerns seriously had increased odds of antibody positivity; however, we were unable to infer causality or to determine the direction of causation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…For all seroprevalence analyses, we excluded 82 incarcerated participants and 77 staff participants who were vaccinated prior to enrollment, based on self-reported vaccination status and/or Correctional Health data on vaccine uptake in custody, accessed as previously described ( 39 ). We calculated 95% confidence intervals for seroprevalence using the Wilson method for binomial data ( 57 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also have a poor understanding of how COVID-19 preventive measures in prisons and jails fared in practice ( 23 ). Although vaccination has become an effective strategy ( 36 ), its utility is limited by insufficient vaccine uptake among incarcerated individuals and staff ( 37 – 39 ) and new viral variants that may evade existing immunity ( 40 – 42 ). Therefore, it is vital to maintain other preventive strategies such as masking and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Northern California Jails: Perceived Deficiencies, Barriers, and Unintended Harms

Liu

LeBoa

Rodriguez

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCarceral facilities are high-risk settings for COVID-19 transmission. Little is known about the hidden burden of infection or practical barriers to infection control in these settings, especially in jails. There is also limited research on the mental health impacts of the pandemic among people living and working in carceral facilities.MethodsBetween July 8, 2020 and April 30, 2021, we performed SARS-CoV-2 rapid antibody testing and administered a questionnaire among residents and staff of four Northern California jails. We utilized multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and carceral characteristics, to analyze factors associated with prior infection, including perceived likelihood of prior infection and access to new masks. We additionally assessed the implementation of, perceptions toward, and impacts of COVID-19 policies in practice. We engaged stakeholder representatives, including incarcerated individuals, to guide study design, procedures, and results interpretation.ResultsWe enrolled 788 jail residents and 380 jail staff. Nearly half of residents and two-thirds of staff who were antibody-positive had not previously tested positive for COVID-19. Among residents without a prior COVID-19 diagnosis, antibody positivity was significantly associated with perceived likelihood of prior infection (adjusted OR = 8.9; 95% CI, 3.6–22.0). Residents who had flu-like illness in jail cited inadequate responses to reported illness and deterrents to symptom reporting, including fears of medical isolation and perceptions of medical neglect. Residents also disclosed deficient access to face masks, which was associated with antibody positivity (adjusted OR = 13.8, 95% CI, 1.8–107.0). Worsened mental health was pervasive among residents, attributed not only to fear of COVID-19 and unsanitary jail conditions but also to intensified isolation and deprivation due to pandemic restrictions on in-person visitation, programs, and recreation time.ConclusionCarceral settings present significant challenges to maintaining infection control and human rights. Custody officials should work diligently to transform the conditions of medical isolation, which could mitigate deterrents to symptom reporting. Furthermore, they should minimize use of restrictive measures like lockdowns and suspension of visitation that exacerbate the mental health harms of incarceration. Instead, custody officials should ensure comprehensive implementation of other preventive strategies like masking, testing, and vaccination, in conjunction with multisector efforts to advance decarceration.

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Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among residents of Northern California jails

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and uptake: Perspectives from people released from the Federal Bureau of Prisons

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and uptake: Perspectives from people released from the Federal Bureau of Prisons

COVID-19—Infections and Immunization of Inmates in Penitentiary Institutions in Poland in 2021

COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Northern California Jails: Perceived Deficiencies, Barriers, and Unintended Harms

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