Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study

Adhikari, Tulsi; Aggarwal, Sumit; Nair, Saritha; Joshi, Aparna; Diwan, Vishal; Stephen, Asiimwe; Devi, K Rekha; Mishra, Bijaya Kumar; Yadav, Girijesh Kumar; Bangar, Sampada Dipak; Sahu, Damodar; Yadav, Jeetendra; Ovung, Senthanro; Gulati, Bal Kishan; Sharma, Saurabh; Singh, Rajesh; Duggal, Chetna; Sharma, Moina; Ujagare, Dhammasagar; Chinchore, Sneha Padmakar; Rebecca, Pricilla B; Rani, Subramaniam Shanthi; Selvaraj, Pradeep; Xavier, Gladston G; Peter, Vanessa; Watson, Basilea; Kannan, T; Asmathulla, K. S. Md.; Bhattacharya, Debdutta; Turuk, Jyotirmayee; Palo, Subrata Kumar; Kanungo, Srikanta; Behera, Ajit; Pandey, Ashok Kumar; Zaman, Kamran; Misra, Brij Ranjan; Kumar, Niraj; Behera, Sthita Pragnya; Singh, Rajeev; Narain, Kanwar; Kant, Rajni; Sahay, Seema; Tiwari, Rajnarayan R; Thomas, Beena; Rao, M Vishnu Vardhana

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.992046

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…16,17,19–21,33–35,37,39,41,42,44,47,48,53,56,57,60,73,76,88 In 16 studies blaming from others was the second most common social stigma reported due to being infected with COVID-19. 22,23,39,40,46,48,51–55,60,62,72,83,89 In 13 studies, participants experienced rejection from the social environment. 29,33,37,44,46,47,50,56,60,73,76,80,83 Other stigmas experienced by COVID-19 patients included psychological pressure, 62,66–72,75,79,81 verbal violence, 20,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,23,39,40,46,48,51–55,60,62,72,83,89 In 13 studies, participants experienced rejection from the social environment. 29,33,37,44,46,47,50,56,60,73,76,80,83 Other stigmas experienced by COVID-19 patients included psychological pressure, 62,66–72,75,79,81 verbal violence, 20,50–52,55,56,59,61,77,83 avoidance, 22–24,26,40–42,47,54 labeling, 17,19,21,23,27,29,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29,33,37,44,46,47,50,56,60,73,76,80,83 Other stigmas experienced by COVID-19 patients included psychological pressure, 62,66–72,75,79,81 verbal violence, 20,50–52,55,56,59,61,77,83 avoidance, 22–24,26,40–42,47,54 labeling, 17,19,21,23,27,29,34,35 attitudinal stigma, 34,45,63,64,74 disgrace, 18,26 discrimination, 54,64 shame, 73,77,80,82–…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

SeyedAlinaghi,

Afsahi,

Shahidi

et al. 2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: Stigmatization was reported throughout the COVID pandemic for COVID-19 patients and close contacts. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the prevalence and impact of stigmatization during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: English articles were searched using online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 24 August 2022. A two-step screening and selection process was followed utilizing an inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data was extracted from eligible articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was followed, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Seventy-six studies were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two studies reported the prevalence of social stigma due to COVID-19 infection with social isolation being the most commonly reported stigma. There were 20 studies that reported the majority of participants experienced stigma due to COVID-19 infection, which was as high as 100% of participants in two studies. Participants in 16 studies reported blaming from others as the second most common type of stigma, with various other types reported such as psychological pressure, verbal violence, avoidance, and labeling. The most common effect of the stigma was anxiety followed by depression, and then reduction of socialization. Conclusion: Findings from the present review have identified that COVID-19-related stigma studies have generally focused on its prevalence, type, and outcome. Greater awareness of this topic may assist with improving public education during pandemics such as COVID-19 as well as access to support services for individuals impacted by stigmatization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

SeyedAlinaghi,

Afsahi,

Shahidi

et al. 2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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“…Poor access to information about COVID‐19 prevention and control has been reported particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, as well as the socially and geographically marginalized communities (Bonnet et al, 2022; McHunu et al, 2022; Wang et al, 2020). Poor access to information was also associated with experiencing more COVID‐19 stigma (Adhikari et al, 2022) and a lack of adherence to measures to combat the pandemic (Lowe et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term care facilities' response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international, cross‐sectional survey

Eltaybani,

Igarashi,

Cal

et al. 2023

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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AimsTo (i) assess the adherence of long‐term care (LTC) facilities to the COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations, (ii) identify predictors of this adherence and (iii) examine the association between the adherence level and the impact of the pandemic on selected unfavourable conditions.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsManagers (n = 212) and staff (n = 2143) of LTC facilities (n = 223) in 13 countries/regions (Brazil, Egypt, England, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand and Turkey) evaluated the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations and the impact of the pandemic on unfavourable conditions related to staff, residents and residents' families. The characteristics of participants and LTC facilities were also gathered. Data were collected from April to October 2021. The study was reported following the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe adherence was significantly higher among facilities with more pre‐pandemic in‐service education on infection control and easier access to information early in the pandemic. Residents' feelings of loneliness and feeling down were the most affected conditions by the pandemic. More psychological support to residents was associated with fewer residents' aggressive behaviours, and more psychological support to staff was associated with less work–life imbalance.ConclusionsPre‐pandemic preparedness significantly shaped LTC facilities' response to the pandemic. Adequate psychological support to residents and staff might help mitigate the negative impacts of infection outbreaks.ImpactThis is the first study to comprehensively examine the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations. The results demonstrated that the adherence level was significantly related to pre‐pandemic preparedness and that adequate psychological support to staff and residents was significantly associated with less negative impacts of the pandemic on LTC facilities' staff and residents. The results would help LTC facilities prepare for and respond to future infection outbreaks.Patient or public contributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.

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“…Disease is one of the most common sources of stigma. During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there is no doubt that people infected with COVID-19 were stigmatized around the world (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). This stigma has brought large amounts of psychological and physical distress to COVID-19 patients (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

Lin

Wang

2023

Front. Public Health

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Stigma refers to devalued stereotypes that create barriers for stigmatized individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the stigmatization of survivors worsened existing inequalities and triggered mass hysteria. The paper delves into the stigmatization experienced by COVID-19 survivors and the role of Marxist criticism in analyzing this issue. The main findings from the empiricist tradition approach suggest that the perception of COVID-19 stigma is higher among those who are older, belong to ethnic minorities, lack social support, have manual occupations, and possess lower levels of education. The proposed destigmatization pathways include psychological counseling services, social support, and health education. Employing a Marxist perspective can aid in illuminating how economic practices and material conditions influence prevalent ideologies related to stigma. The stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors may be perceived as a consequence of social power inequality, although the current emphasis on individual characteristics as triggers for stigma may neglect the wider systemic forces in operation. Thus, it’s crucial to establish improved social care policies to combat exploitation and oppression due to power imbalances. The ultimate objective of such an examination is to identify effective approaches to tackle and eradicate stigma regarding health-related concerns. An interdisciplinary approach integrating a pluralistic perspective would benefit investigating how social systems and individual attributes contribute to the exacerbation of social inequality and stigmatization.

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Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

Long‐term care facilities' response to the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international, cross‐sectional survey

Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal

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