Factors associated with bite force in people with Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Purpose: to assess the bite force in people with Parkinson’s disease and correlate it with age, sex, stage and time of the disease, dentures use, presence of temporomandibular disorder, side of symptom onset, and masticatory preference. Methods: the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and the Hoehn & Yahr Parkinson’s disease scale were used, and the participants’ oral cavity was clinically examined. Then, the bite force was measured with an analog dynamometer, whose bar was adapted for mouth grip. The bite force results and their correlation with the variables were analyzed with the independent t-test (p<0.05). Results: the sample comprised 42 parkinsonians at a mean age of 64 years, 67% of whom were males. No difference was observed in the correlation with age, temporomandibular disorder, stage and time of Parkinson's disease; or between the sides, symptom onset and masticatory preference. However, there was a significant association between the sexes (males and females) for both sides (right - p=0.002; left - p=0.04) and denture use for bite force on the right side (p=0.03). Conclusion: being a female and using dentures are factors associated with decreased bite force in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Orofacial myofunctional assessment and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease

“…Previous studies have investigated the alterations in vocal, speech, and swallowing functions in patients with PD, 9,21–23 although studies that characterized the orofacial structures and functioning using a standardized protocol are lacking. The overall score of the OMES‐Elders decreased according to Hoehn & Yahr stage, indicating a worsening condition and performance of orofacial functions as the disease progresses, corroborating with the findings previously reported 24,25 . Specifically, the appearance and posture, mobility, breathing, and speech domains were significantly different between groups, from ‘No alteration or slight alteration’ in the orofacial structures and function to ‘moderate to severe alteration’ in the later stages of Hoehn & Yahr scale.…”

“…The overall score of the OMES-Elders decreased according to Hoehn & Yahr stage, indicating a worsening condition and performance of orofacial functions as the disease progresses, corroborating with the findings previously reported. 24,25 Specifically, the appearance and posture, mobility, breathing, and speech domains were significantly different between groups, from 'No alteration or slight alteration' in the orofacial structures and function to 'moderate to severe alteration' in the later stages of Hoehn & Yahr scale. The elderly with PD showed low performance in physical appearance, which may affect the individual's verbal and non-verbal communication.…”

“…Additionally, general motor functions decline more rapidly in PD patients, making dental problems more evident and recurrent in PD patients than in healthy individuals, and leading to important impact on masticatory function and bite force. 25,32 The orofacial myofunctional evaluation was carried out in the participants when the levodopa medication was active (which means shortly after levodopa administration), which may have positively affected the performance of the tasks. However, we observed that the masticatory function in participants with PD was compromised, independently of levodopa administration, concluding that no significant effect could be attributed to the use of the drug.…”

Utilização de um aplicativo gamifica do móvel com biofeedback eletromiográfico no registro de atividade mastigatória e da deglutição em idosos: um estudo piloto

“…A mastigação é um movimento coordenado e regulado pelo SNC, e tem por finalidade fragmentar o alimento, preparando-o para a deglutição. Foi demonstrado que com o envelhecimento ocorre diminuição na força de mordida (FM) máxima e na massa muscular, o que acarreta o aumento do número de ciclos mastigatórios para quebra do alimento e deglutição (TADA; MIURA, 2017;SILVA et al, 2021).…”

“…É bastante utilizada no campo da oclusão, basicamente para avaliação do padrão de atividade do Os reflexos do processo de envelhecimento na mastigação são observados na perda da capacidade de controlar o bolo alimentar e da coordenação motora na lateralização dele durante o ato mastigatório, e na redução da força mastigatória. Cabe ressaltar que idosos saudáveis adaptam-se às mudanças anatômicas e fisiológicas próprias do envelhecimento, e que esse processo por si só não causa disfunções patológicas, mas deixa o organismo mais propenso à fragilização (OLIVEIRA;DELGADO; BRECOVICI, 2014;SILVA et al, 2021).…”