Factors and Beliefs that Condition the Attitude of Health Science Students towards End of Life in Spain and Bolivia: A Multicenter Study

Abstract

Health Science students in Spain and Bolivia should be trained in the management of the processes of death and dying of patients. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of training, self-perceived safety and preferences in relation to the care of terminal and non-terminal patients. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study with students of Medicine, Nursing and Physiotherapy in Spain and Bolivia. The following variables were evaluated: care preparation and emotional preparation to caring for terminally ill and non-terminally ill patients, the Death Attitude Profile Revised (PAM-R) and the Bugen Scale for Facing Death. The self-perceived preparation of students for caring for terminally ill patients can be considered “fair” (mean 2.15, SD 0.756), and this was also the case for their perceived emotional preparation (mean 2.19, SD 0.827). In contrast, the score obtained for their preparedness for treating non-terminal patients was higher (mean 2.99 and 3.16, respectively). Working with terminally ill patients, including terminal or geriatric cancer patients, was the least preferred option among future health professionals. The results obtained show a limited preference for end-of-life care and treatment, highlighting a lack of preparation and motivation among health science students in Spain and Bolivia for working with these patients.

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“…Este estudio tiene varias debilidades. El muestreo no aleatorio pudo haber sesgado a los sujetos interesados o con rechazo en el tema (17,18) . Tampoco se aplicaron pruebas para determinar afecciones mentales concomitantes, la resiliencia y la inteligencia emocional de los encuestados (26) .…”

“…La escala de Bugen ha demostrado su efectividad en detectar ese afrontamiento utilizando 30 preguntas de fácil respuesta e interpretación (9,16) . Además, permite operacionalizar la noción de competencia ante la muerte y tiene una versión en castellano (17,18) . Muchos estudiantes de medicina que cursan los años clínicos del grado, son confrontados frecuentemente y por primera vez con cuestiones relativas a la muerte y al morir.…”