Factors Affecting Willingness to Fight for One’s Own Country: The Case of Baltic States

Rutkauskas, Virgilijus

doi:10.1080/23296151.2018.1456286

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…answers to one or more questions, along with the background information for the respondents such as gender, age, income level, or ethnic background. Most Baltic-centric studies have followed the same route (see Rutkauskas, 2018; Andžāns & Sprūds 2020b), while Bērziņa & Zupa (2020b) have recently complemented this approach by engaging Latvian and Russian-speakers in a major Latvian city with qualitative interviews.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-ethnic societies and willingness to defend one’s own country: Russian-speakers in the Baltic states

Andžāns¹

2022

Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review

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This article contributes to research which covers individual’s willingness to defend their own country. To achieve this end, a case study is undertaken which looks at the Baltic states, with a special focus on the Russian-speaking inhabitants of the region. The mapping out of historical and present day quantitative data corroborates the finding that there is a gap in terms of willingness to defend one’s own country between Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian-speakers on the one hand and Russian-speakers on the other. At the same time, data from two nationally-representative surveys across the Baltics leads one to the conclusion that there are no fundamental differences in reasoning along ethnic and linguistic lines, i.e. why individuals express willingness (not) to defend their own country. Consistent differences can be observed only in some smaller categories which generally mirror trends in contrasting historical memories and the perceptions of domestic and international issues.

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confidence: 99%

Multi-ethnic societies and willingness to defend one’s own country: Russian-speakers in the Baltic states

Andžāns¹

2022

Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review

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“…Otherwise, the findings on intra-societal hypotheses partially corroborate the results produced by Rutkauskas, which concluded that national pride and confidence in both the armed forces and the governments were significant factors in an individual's willingness to defend one's country in case all three countries. 82 While that can be somewhat observed in the case of Estonia, the same parallels are less straightforward in the other two countries. Furthermore, there is a clear divergence between the trust in the armed forces and the trust in other state institutions in all three countries.…”

Section: Inter-societal and Intra-societal Hypotheses And The Case Of The Baltic Statesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Three-Decade Evolution of the Willingness to Defend One’s Own Country: the Case of the Baltic States

Andžāns¹,

Sprūds²

2020

Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review

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This article provides the most comprehensive analysis of the willingness to defend one's own country in the similar, yet different, Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It reviews the previous research focussing on regularities explaining the willingness to defend the country. This article proceeds with mapping the results of the previous sociological research from the three countries and discusses the results of a nationally representative poll conducted for the purposes of this research. The previous and current data suggests that Estonians are more likely to defend their country, while Latvians and Lithuanians are less keen to do so. In a wider regional and global context, the willingness to defend one's own country is high in Estonia but low in Lithuania. Several hypotheses on regularities are tested in the Baltic case. It is affirmed that on the inter-societal level, growth in life opportunities tends to have a negative effect on the willingness to defend one's own country, though it cannot explain the correlation of fluctuations in both indicators. On the intrasocietal level, it is affirmed that men are more likely to defend their own country. While the empirical data in relation to two of the Baltic States confirm some other hypotheses, such as those related to trust in the armed forces, the impact of external threats, and historical experiences, there is no conclusive support in all three regarding other factors like trust in the government, religiousness, conscription, age, nor education on the individual level. That underlines the role of various factors, interaction thereof and their different effect on people's willingness to defend their countries.

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“…Virgilijus Rutkauskas in his 2018 publication assessed individual data from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and concluded that citizens of the Baltic states who lack trust in national governmental institutions or army demonstrate less willingness to defend one's own country. 40 According to the data of a representative public opinion poll in the Baltic states in 2020, 41 percent of respondents in Lithuania trust the government, and only 24 percent trust the parliament. In Latvia, 30 percent of respondents trust the government and 28 percent trust the parliament.…”

Section: Why Wouldn't Someone Defend Lithuania?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Defend Lithuania: “System Problem Detected, Action Pending”

Gajauskaitė¹

2021

Willingness to Defend Own Country in the Baltic States: Implications for National Security and NATO’s Collective Defence

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As a part of the overarching publication “Willingness to Defend Own Country in the Baltic States: Implications for National Security and NATO’s Collective Defence” (2021), the author of this chapter assesses willingness to defend Lithuania. The author suggests taking extra care in interpreting the scarce data on willingness to defend country available on Lithuania. Nevertheless, the author observes that issues with willingness to defend Lithuania exist. The author underlines patriotism, pride in the state, as well as specific skills, i.e., military experience, and active civil society as the main preconditions for willingness to defend own country. To a various degree, in all those aspects space for progress in Lithuania remains. Attitude towards the state is a broad and complex issue to address. While conscription was reintroduced in Lithuania in 2015, its effect on willingness to defend Lithuania has not yet reached its full potential. Space for progress in societal attitudes is acknowledged also by the Lithuanian authorities, which treat it primarily in the context of civil resistance.

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Factors Affecting Willingness to Fight for One’s Own Country: The Case of Baltic States

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Multi-ethnic societies and willingness to defend one’s own country: Russian-speakers in the Baltic states

Multi-ethnic societies and willingness to defend one’s own country: Russian-speakers in the Baltic states

Three-Decade Evolution of the Willingness to Defend One’s Own Country: the Case of the Baltic States

Willingness to Defend Lithuania: “System Problem Detected, Action Pending”

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