Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care among pregnant women: A literature review.

Ali, Sumera Aziz; Dero, Aftab Ahmed; Ali, Savera Aziz; Ali, Gulshan Bano

doi:10.35841/neonatal-medicine.2.2.41-45

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The multivariable logit model shows that women who were highly or moderately enlightened were more likely to have 8 or more antenatal care contacts. Education or enlightenment has been reported to be a protective factor that enhances women’s utilization of health care services as well as reproductive health decision-making [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s enlightenment and early antenatal care initiation are determining factors for the use of eight or more antenatal visits in Benin: further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey

Ekholuenetale

Nzoputam

Barrow

et al. 2020

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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Background: Within the continuum of reproductive health care, antenatal care (ANC) provides a platform for vital health care functions, such as disease prevention, health promotion, screening, and diagnosis. It has been widely confirmed that by implementing appropriate evidence-based practices, ANC can save lives. Previous studies investigated the utilization of ANC based on the four visits model. The new guidelines set by the World Health Organization 2016 recommended increasing contacts with health providers from four to eight contacts. The present study aims to determine the frequency, determinants, and socioeconomic inequalities of ANC utilization based on the eight or more contacts in Benin. This will provide information for policy makers to improve ANC utilization. Methods: We used a population-based cross-sectional data from Benin Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2017-2018. The outcome variable considered for this study was coverage of ≥ 8 ANC contacts. About 1094 women of reproductive age who became pregnant after the new guideline of ≥ 8 ANC contacts was endorsed were included in this study. The determinants for ≥ 8 ANC contacts were measured using multivariable logistic regression. Concentration (Conc.) Index and Lorenz curves were used to estimate the socioeconomic inequalities of ≥ 8 ANC contacts. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The coverage of ≥ 8 ANC contacts was 8.0%; 95%CI 6.5%, 9.7%. The results of timing of antenatal care initiation showed that women who had late booking (after 1st trimester) had 97% reduction in ≥ 8 ANC contacts compared with women who initiated ANC contacts within the first trimester (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.03; 95% CI 0.00, 0.21). In addition, women with medium or high enlightenment were 4.55 and 5.49 as more likely to have ≥ 8 ANC contacts, compared with women having low enlightenment (AOR = 4.55; 95% CI 1.41, 14.69 and AOR = 5.49; 95% CI 1.77, 17.00, respectively). Conc. Index for the household wealth-related factor was 0.33; p < 0.001 for urban women and 0.37; p < 0.001 for the total sample. Similarly, Conc. Index for maternal education was 0.18; p = 0.006 for urban women and 0.21; p < 0.001 for the total sample.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s enlightenment and early antenatal care initiation are determining factors for the use of eight or more antenatal visits in Benin: further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey

Ekholuenetale

Nzoputam

Barrow

et al. 2020

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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“…Education or enlightenment is a factor that has shown to be a protective and an enhancer for women’s utilization of maternal and child health care services and in making decisions concerning their reproductive health including eight or more ANC contacts. 62 , 63 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Education or enlightenment is a factor that has shown to be a protective and an enhancer for women's utilization of maternal and child health care services and in making decisions concerning their reproductive health including eight or more ANC contacts. 62,63 In addition, educated women could be assumed to have good knowledge of optimal benefits of adequate ANC contacts during the period of pregnancy. 64 One of the effective ways to empower women is by giving them education.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts in Ghana: Findings from 2019 Population-Based Data

Ekholuenetale¹,

Nzoputam²,

Barrow³

2021

IJWH

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Background: For the prevention of complications and death during pregnancy, adequate antenatal care (ANC) contacts are important. To achieve optimal obstetric care, the latest ANC guidance recommends eight or more ANC contacts. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the prevalence and socioeconomic differences of eight or more Ghanaian ANC contacts. Methods: A total sample of 1404 women of reproductive age who had given birth after eight or more ANC contacts had been initiated, taking into account 9 months of gestation, was studied. The Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey of 2019 (GMIS) was used. In the univariate analysis, percentage was used. The curve and concentration index of Lorenz were used to assess socioeconomic disparities for eight or more ANC contacts. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The weighted prevalence of eight or more ANC contacts was 41.9% (95% CI: 37.9-45.9%). The prevalence of eight or more ANC contacts among the poorest, poorer, middle, richer and richest households was 34.0%, 36.1%, 35.8%, 42.4% and 59.6%, respectively. Similarly, 33.0%, 37.7% and 42.6% prevalence of eight or more ANC contacts were estimated among women with no formal education, primary, secondary or higher, respectively. In addition, women from rich household had greater coverage of eight or more ANC contacts (Conc. Index= 0.089; SE= 0.019) and educated women had greater coverage of eight or more ANC contacts in Ghana (Conc. Index= 0.053; SE= 0.017) (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Eight or more ANC contacts from the WHO in 2016 have yet to be fully institutionalized in Ghana. In order to increase access to the recommended prenatal care and for a healthy pregnancy experience, measures that resolve disparities in healthcare usage need to be prioritized for the country. Efforts should be made to expand the health insurance services available, as well as to enact policies that will increase free health care particularly among the poor and uneducated women.

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“… 34 Higher education or enlightenment are protective factors that enhance women’s health care services utilization and also enhance their reproductive health decision-making. 35 , 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts: Findings From Multi-Country Nationally Representative Data

Ekholuenetale

2021

Global Pediatric Health

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Optimal antenatal care is an important service required by women and babies. To promote healthy motherhood and for positive pregnancy outcomes, World Health Organization recently recommended a minimum of 8 ANC contacts. We aim to explore the prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts using multi-country data. Urban dwellers, mothers with secondary or higher education, women from high household wealth, early birth order, and older mothers at childbirth had higher prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts respectively. The pooled prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts was 13.0%. Jordan had the leading prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts (74.0%), followed by Ghana (43.0%) and Albania (30.0%). On the other hand, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia had very low prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts. There was heterogeneity in the prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts across countries. There was low prevalence of 8 or more ANC contacts.

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Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care among pregnant women: A literature review.

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Women’s enlightenment and early antenatal care initiation are determining factors for the use of eight or more antenatal visits in Benin: further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey

Women’s enlightenment and early antenatal care initiation are determining factors for the use of eight or more antenatal visits in Benin: further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey

Prevalence and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts in Ghana: Findings from 2019 Population-Based Data

Prevalence of Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts: Findings From Multi-Country Nationally Representative Data

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