Factors Affecting the Sticking of Fine Iron Ores during Fluidized Bed Reduction.

Characterization of Precipitated Carbon by XPS and Its Prevention Mechanism of Sticking during Reduction of Fe2O3 Particles in the Fluidized Bed

“…Otherwise, the iron ore fines with additions of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 showed the sticking could be avoided or decreased. [8][9][10] While, the coating methods of powder, solution and slurry were by means of mechanical mixing, leading to the non-uniform distribution of additives on the surface of iron ore fines that lowered the prevention efficiency for sticking. Moreover, the method was more or less difficult in operation.…”

“…Low reduction temperature that led to small adhesive force among iron ore fines and high gas velocity that produced high momentum of particles were useful for suppressing sticking. [9][10][11][12][13][14] However, these methods resulted in low reduction rate of iron ores and utilization ratio of the reduction gas, 14) increasing the cost of production. Otherwise, the iron ore fines with additions of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 showed the sticking could be avoided or decreased.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] However, the industrialized development of the fluidized bed in iron-making was limited, [5][6][7] which was mainly attributed to the defluidization resulted from sticking among iron ore particles. [8][9][10][11] To prevent sticking problem during reduction of iron ores in the fluidized bed, some methods were proposed by previous researchers. Low reduction temperature that led to small adhesive force among iron ore fines and high gas velocity that produced high momentum of particles were useful for suppressing sticking.…”

Flash Suspension Reduction of Ultra-fine Fe₂O₃ Powders and the Kinetic Analyzing

“…Except for the large reduction rate, it can avoid the solid-solid contact during reduction thus solve the sticking problem existed in the fluidized bed or other direct reduction processes of iron ore concentrate. [2][3][4] Themelis and Gauvin 5) derived a rate equation for reduction of iron oxide particles by hydrogen with particle sizes ranging from 70 to 42 000 μm in diameter and indicated that the measured rates might contain mass transfer effects. F. Tsukihashi 6) investigated the kinetics and mechanism of reduction of molten iron oxide (wustite) with CO gas at high temperatures of 1 723 K and 1 873 K with a gas conveyed system, and he found that the oxide particles were melted and became spherical with reduced iron surrounded by liquid FeO during reduction.…”

The Effect of Lime Coating of Hematite Pellets on Soot Formation and Reduction Rate with CH4/H2

“…Lime coating of pellets could also change their reducibility. 6,9,10) The reducer gas, which includes H 2 , CO, CH 4 By Midrex DR, reforming of the natural gas with exhaust gas, including CO 2 and H 2 O, could be carried out in a gas reformer by a catalyst at 950°C. In modified H.Y.L 3, Midrex, and Ghaem, the reducer gas is produced by partial oxidation of the natural gas in a reactor with O 2 .…”