Factors affecting the response to insulin in the normal subhuman pregnant primate

Chez, Ronald A.; Mintz, Daniel H.; Horger, Edgar O.; Hutchinson, Donald L.

doi:10.1172/jci106369

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…7) by the changes in fetal hormones that occur in conditions such as fetal hypoxaemia where, for example the increases in fetal plasma ACTH and catecholamines are quite independent of any changes in the maternal circulation (Boddy, Jones, Mantell, Ratcliffe & Robinson, 1974;Alexander, Britton, Forsling, Nixon & Ratcliffe, 1973 ;Jones, Boddy, Robinson, Ratcliffe, 1975;. Such independence of the fetal endocrine glands is also demonstrated by the response of the fetal pancreas to conditions such as hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia produced by starvation or glucose infusion; fetal plasma insulin changes to control fetal glucose utilization in relation to glucose supply (Chez, Mintz, Horger & Hutchinson, 1970;Colwill et al, 1970;Basse« & Madill, 1974a;Shelley, Basse« & Milner, 1975). These changes are independent of maternal plasma insulin changes and suggest that fetal insulin production may be a major factor in regulating fetal growth (Liggins, 1975 ;Shelley, 1975).…”

Section: Fetal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal metabolism and fetal growth

Jones¹

1976

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Section: Fetal Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal metabolism and fetal growth

Jones¹

1976

Reproduction

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“…The susceptibility of different species to fetal hyperinsulinemia may be related to the stage of development at which insulin secretion becomes glucose responsive and tissue insulin sensitivity occurs. These events happen shortly after birth in the pig (123) and in late fetal life in the monkey (124).…”

Section: Insulin As a Fetal G R O W T H Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin as a Growth Factor

1985

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“…In a later paper Clark [8] suggested that the intact rat fetus had an endogenous insulin level that was sufficient to produce a maximal rate of glucose utilization. Other workers [19] were able to lower fetal rat blood glucose on day 20.5, 1 hr after insulin injection in utero, and Chez et al [7] have reported evidence that insulin is biologically active in the rhesus fetus in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Insulin and Epinephrine on the Carbohydrate Metabolism and Adenylate Cyclase Activity of Rhesus Fetal Muscle

1973

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ExtractCarbohydrate metabolism of skeletal muscle from rhesus fetuses at 58% of gestation (95 days) is sensitive to epinephrine in vitro. Epinephrine increased lactate production and decreased glucose uptake, 14 C-lactate production, glycogen content, and 14 Cglycogen formation as well as 14 CC>2 production. These responses to epinephrine are similar to those in adult muscle. However, in some cases the magnitude of these responses appears lower in fetal muscle. The content of cyclic 14 C-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic 14 C-AMP) was about 2.5-fold higher in the 100-day fetal muscle than in the adult. Epinephrine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity almost threefold in fetal and fourfold in adult muscle. When incubated with muscle from 85-day fetal monkeys, insulin increased glucose uptake, lactate and lactate-14 C production, and 14 CO 2 production; the greatest effect was found in the increased incorporation of labeled glucose into glycogen. Both synthetase I and phosphorylase a activities were present at 78-80 days of fetal age. Our data show that as early as about 58% of term the carbohydrate metabolism of fetal rhesus muscle in vitro is sensitive to epinephrine and that the hormone probably acts through the adenylate cyclase and the "second messenger" system of cyclic AMP as it does in adult muscle. SpeculationOur data offer indirect evidence that insulin and epinephrine mediate glycogen metabolism via cyclic AMP in rhesus fetal muscle as early as 85 days of gestational age (52% of term) and that these hormones operate through similar enzyme systems in fetal and adult muscle. It is possible that glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase, or other enzymes mediating the cyclic AMP response, are not identical in fetal and adult muscle; fetal isoenzyme patterns for muscle lactate dehydrogenase differ markedly from those of the adult. However, it is difficult to reconcile the existence of major differences in the enzyme milieu in fetal and adult muscle with the similar overall actions of epinephrine and insulin on glycogenesis and glycogenolysis demonstrated in our experiments.

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Factors affecting the response to insulin in the normal subhuman pregnant primate

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Fetal metabolism and fetal growth

Fetal metabolism and fetal growth

Insulin as a Growth Factor

Effect of Insulin and Epinephrine on the Carbohydrate Metabolism and Adenylate Cyclase Activity of Rhesus Fetal Muscle

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