Factors affecting the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users

Nie, Lili; Zhaom, Zeyong; Wen, Xiantao; Luo, Wei; Ju, Tao; Ren, Anlian; Wu, Binbin; London, Edythe D.; Li, Jing

doi:10.1080/10550887.2019.1661752

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…They found evidence that greater odds of psychotic symptoms were associated with more frequent MA use, the quantity of MA used, greater severity of MA addiction, and polydrug use. These results were later confirmed by other Authors, and MIP was associated with: earlier onset of drug use ( 27 , 106 – 108 ), longer duration of MA use ( 26 ), higher MA use dose ( 26 , 27 ), greater severity of MA addiction ( 27 , 107 , 108 ), polydrug use ( 26 ) nature of MA use (crystal methamphetamine vs. other forms of methamphetamine) ( 109 ) and comorbid depression or anxiety symptoms ( 26 , 27 , 108 ). Examining the prospective relationship between the duration of MA use and psychotic symptoms, it was found that the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms was higher during periods of MA use compared with no use and, as the duration of MA exposure increased, the odds of experiencing psychotic symptoms also increased, with a clear dose-response effect of continued MA use on the risk of psychotic symptoms ( 110 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Examining the prospective relationship between the duration of MA use and psychotic symptoms, it was found that the risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms was higher during periods of MA use compared with no use and, as the duration of MA exposure increased, the odds of experiencing psychotic symptoms also increased, with a clear dose-response effect of continued MA use on the risk of psychotic symptoms ( 110 ). Nie et al ( 106 ), conversely, reported a negative association between the development of psychotic symptoms and higher dose of MA use, suggesting protection through tolerance, while Lamyai et al ( 107 ) stated that the amount of MA use measured by hair analysis was not related to the experience of MA psychosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Background: On the current psychopharmacological panorama, the variety of substances able to provoke an episode of acute psychosis is rapidly increasing. Such psychotic episodes are classified according to the major category of symptoms: positive, negative, or cognitive psychotic episodes. On one hand, the abuse of methamphetamines, cannabis, and cocaine plays a big role in increasing the incidence of episodes resembling a psychotic disorder. On the other hand, the progress in terms of pharmacodynamics knowledge has led to the synthesis of new drugs, such as cannabinoids and cathinone's, which have rapidly entered into the common pool of abusers' habits. Regarding these newly synthesized substances of abuse, further clinical studies are needed to understand their psychogenic properties. The topic of this review is complicated due to the frequent abuse of psychotomimetic drugs by patients affected by psychotic disorders, a fact that makes it extremely difficult to distinguish between an induced psychosis and a re-exacerbation of a previously diagnosed disorder.Methods: The present narrative review summarizes results from clinical studies, thus investigating the psychotogenic properties of abused substances and the psychotic symptoms they can give rise to. It also discusses the association between substance abuse and psychosis, especially with regards to the differential diagnosis between a primary vs. a substance-induced psychotic disorder.Findings: Our findings support the theory that psychosis due to substance abuse is commonly observed in clinical practice. The propensity to develop psychosis seems to be a function of the severity of use and addiction. Of note, from a phenomenological point of view, it is possible to identify some elements that may help clinicians involved in differential diagnoses between primary and substance-induced psychoses. There remains a striking paucity of information on the outcomes, treatments, and best practices of substance-induced psychotic episodes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review

et al. 2021

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“…Firstly, our recruitment of MA users followed the principle of randomness. Secondly, we referred to another database which included 525 MA users (345males and 180 females) that belonged to another study also conducted by us aiming to identify risk factors for MA related psychosis [ 2 ]. Similar gender differences in clinical characteristics between the two study cohorts suggest that the gender differences in the present MA users reflected the real world.…”

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confidence: 99%

Author Correction to: Gray-matter structure in long-term abstinent methamphetamine users

Nie

Zhao

Wen³

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

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“…However, there were no consistent results in previous studies. Some studies suggested that the initial age of drug use was a protective factor for mental symptoms [ 49 ], whereas others found no association [ 45 ]. Moreover, substance addiction duration was positively correlated with mood disorders and aggression, which was in line with previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among various types of drug users and factors for developing severe depression: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background Mood disorder, impulsivity and aggression are common in drug users compared to healthy controls. However, no study has focused on the difference in various types of drug users. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the differences in depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among methamphetamine, heroin and polysubstance users and to further explore the risk factors for severe depression in the three groups. Methods Drug users over 18 years old who met the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for substance -related disorders were included in the study. All participants completed a general questionnaire, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Barratt impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). One-way ANOVAs or Chi-square tests were used to test the differences among the groups, correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between drug use and other parameters, and multiple logistic regression was conducted to assess the risk factors for severe depression. Results A total of 1,486 participants were included, comprising 86.3% males with a mean age of 38.97 years. There was a significant difference in the percentage of severe depression and SDS scores among the three groups, but no significant difference was found in SAS, BIS-11 and BPAQ scores. Using methamphetamines, hostility and anxiety were risk factors for developing severe depression in all the participants and anxiety remained constant in the other three groups. Moreover, methamphetamine use was 2.16 and 3.35 times more likely to cause severe depression than heroin and polysubstance use, respectively. The initial age of substance use was negatively correlated with BPAQ, SAS, and SDS scores, whereas the drug use duration and addiction duration were positively correlated. Conclusions In this study, we found that the highest prevalence of severe depression was in participants using methamphetamines and that using methamphetamines, hostility, and anxiety were risk factors for developing severe depression. This result addressed an important gap in our knowledge of the different characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity and aggression in various types of substance users and provides clinicians and policy-makers with directions for intervention and preventing relapse.

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Factors affecting the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review

Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review

Author Correction to: Gray-matter structure in long-term abstinent methamphetamine users

Characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among various types of drug users and factors for developing severe depression: a cross-sectional study

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