Factors affecting the isotherm shape of semi-transparent BaF2 crystals grown by Bridgman method

Numerical modeling of radiative heat transfer in Bridgman solidification of semi-transparent BaF2 crystals

“…[9][10][11], but the thermal measurements performed in Ref. [11] for the Bridgman growth of CaF 2 , show a significant deviation from the numerical results calculated with the diffusionapproximation model.…”

Challenges in modeling of bulk crystal growth

“…Vizman et al [33] analyzed the interface shape during Bridgman growth of CaF 2 , and Barvinishi et al performed similar studies for BaF 2 [34]. Lan et al [35] compared the Rosseland approximation to the P1 method for the Bridgman growth of YAG crystals.…”

SPN-approximations of internal radiation in crystal growth of optical materials

“…The gradient of temperature at the surfaces is 15 K=cm according to a global simulation of a Bridgman furnace used in Ref. [16]. The pulling velocity is v ¼ 3 mm=h: Together with a density of r ¼ 4830 Kg=m 3 and a latent heat of l ¼ 3:8 Â 10 5 J=Kg these lead to a latent heat per unit area in growth direction of h ¼ 1529:5 W=m 2 : For the solid phase of BaF 2 a heat conduction coefficient of k s ¼ 2:4 W=mK is chosen, whereas for the liquid phase k m ¼ 0:24W=mK is applied.…”

“…The pulling velocity is v ¼ 3 mm=h: Together with a density of r ¼ 4830 Kg=m 3 and a latent heat of l ¼ 3:8 Â 10 5 J=Kg these lead to a latent heat per unit area in growth direction of h ¼ 1529:5 W=m 2 : For the solid phase of BaF 2 a heat conduction coefficient of k s ¼ 2:4 W=mK is chosen, whereas for the liquid phase k m ¼ 0:24W=mK is applied. All these parameters are taken from [16]. Here N and t are derived according to T melt ¼ 1628K and the crucible diameter.…”