Factors affecting the herd level of antibodies against<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subspecies<i>paratuberculosis</i>in dairy cattle

Fredriksen, B.; Djønne, Berit; O, Sigurdardóttir; Tharaldsen, Jorun; Nyberg, Ola; Jarp, J.

doi:10.1136/vr.154.17.522

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Given that the main purpose of the present study was to analyze the current epidemiological features of Johne's disease in Japan, cases were defined as those cattle satisfying at least one of the diagnostic criteria defined by the law in Japan. Case definitions in studies from other countries, however, have varied widely, such as on the basis of combinations of single or combined test results, and epidemiological characteristics of cattle or farms [7,10,17,19]. These differences should be kept in mind in any comparison of the present and previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

Kobayashi

Tsutsui

Yamamoto

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Epidemiologic indicators associated with within-farm infection of Johne's disease in dairy farms in Japan were determined through a nationwide investigation of infected farms. We assumed that subsequent detection of the disease within one year after the first detection could represent the occurrence of within-farm spread occurring before the first detection. Of 594 infected farms, 158 farms (27%) had at least one additional detection. Logistic regression analysis using epidemiologic information obtained from infected farms at the time of the first detection revealed three epidemiologic indicators associated with subsequent detection. Farms at which the first cases included cattle with clinical signs were 3.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.2, 6.8) times more likely to have additional detections than those with cattle without clinical signs. Similarly, farms where two or more cattle were detected at the time of first detection and where cattle were held in a loose housing system were 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.5) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.6) times more likely to have additional detections than those where only one animal was detected and a tied-up housing system was used, respectively. These epidemiologic indicators are likely important determinants in the selection of farms requiring more intensive on-farm control measures. KEY WORDS: epidemiology, Johne's disease, logistic regression model, retrospective cohort study.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(12): 1255-1258 Johne's disease is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis which is found throughout the world [4,12]. It affects dairy industries by reducing milk yield and slaughter values, and increasing culling rates [1,3,8,10]. In the U.S.A., for example, annual economic losses due to Johne's disease have been estimated at US$200-250 million [17].Johne's disease is a notifiable disease in Japan, and by the mid-1990s, all cases were being reported to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). In addition to this passive surveillance, active surveillance is now also undertaken following an amendment of the Domestic Animal Infectious Disease Control Law in 1997. All targeted cattle designated by each prefecture undergo testing for Johne's disease at least once every five years. In 2004, these two surveillance methods together detected a total of 1,118 infected cattle and 608 farms, respectively [6].Because of the nature of the Johne's disease it is difficult to detect all infected cattle by single testing only. In particular, detection of subclinically infected cattle is not easily achieved by current diagnostic methods owing to their strong dependence on the timing and proper use of diagnostic tests, as well as life stage or physiological condition of the cattle, including age or stress associated with pregnancy or calving [16,20]. As a result, infected farms in Japan are placed under regulatory monitoring with more frequent testing for a certain period determined by the respective prefecture [13,14]. All c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

Kobayashi

Tsutsui

Yamamoto

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In other production systems, risk factors included large herd size relative to the respective study sample (Wells and Wagner 2000; Daniels et al 2002), failure to clean maternity pens (Johnson-Ifearulundu and Kaneene 1998), and contact between calves and adult faeces (Obasanjo et al 1997). In addition, the Jersey breed (Cetinkaya et al 1997;Jakobsen et al 2000), milking many non-homebred cows (Wells and Wagner 2000), and the presence of wildlife (Daniels et al 2002;Fredriksen et al 2004) have also been positively associated with JD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of clinical Johne's disease on dairy farms in New Zealand

Norton

Heuer

Jackson

2009

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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The annual incidence of farmer-observed clinical cases of JD was low, and the disease was generally regarded as of little importance by farmers. Farmers that had a high proportion of Jersey cows or that purchased bulls from either one or more than four sources were most likely to report clinical cases of JD. Management practices that could aid in the control of JD are the purchase of bulls free of JD, ensuring that calves do not graze in the hospital paddock, and ensuring that young stock are at least 2 years old prior to contact with adult stock.

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“…paratuberculosis, in infection and eventually in clinical diseases in wild red deer. Factors likely to affect the susceptibility of deer to mycobacterial infection include age, environment, population density, exposure, and genetics (9,18,20).…”

Section: Paratuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitive Differentiation between Single and Mixed Mycobacterial Infections in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) by a Combination of Duplex Amplification of p34 and f57 Sequences and Hpy188I Enzymatic Restriction of Duplex Amplicons

Godfroid

Delcorps

Irenge³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Severe emaciation and mortalities suggestive of mycobacterial infections were recently reported for both adult and young wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the southeastern part of Belgium. In deer, tuberculous lesions are not pathognomonic of Mycobacterium bovis infection due to gross and microscopic similarities with lesions caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium. The aim of this study was to improve molecular methods for the species-specific identification of M. bovis, M. avium subsp. avium, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in mycobacterial infections of deer. DNA banding patterns were assessed prior to and after Hpy188I restriction of f57-upstream (us)-p34 duplex amplicons. The duplex f57-us-p34 PCR differentiated M. bovis from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium infections, whereas the restriction step differentiated single M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium infections from mixed M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis/M. avium subsp. avium infections. The endonuclease Hpy188I cleaves DNA between nucleotides N and G in the unique TCNGA sequence. This restriction site was found at position 168 upstream of the us-p34 initiation codon in all M. avium subsp. avium strains tested, regardless of their origin and the results of IS901 PCR. In contrast, the restriction site was abrogated in all M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains tested, independent of their origin, Mycobactin J dependency, and IS900 PCR results. Consequently, a two-step strategy, i.e., duplex us-p34-f57 PCR and Hpy188I restriction, allowed us to exclude M. bovis infection and to identify single (M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium) or mixed (M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis/M. avium subsp. avium) infections in wild red deer in Belgium. Accordingly, we propose to integrate, in a functional molecular definition of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the absence of the Hpy188I restriction site from the us-p34 amplicon.The most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive, and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) are bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and avian tuberculosis, caused principally by M. avium subsp. avium (20).Differential diagnoses of infections by M. bovis, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and M. avium subsp. avium are essential because the epidemiology, zoonotic concern, and prevention and control methods are different for each of these mycobacterial infections (20). In deer, tuberculous lesions are not pathognomonic of M. bovis infection and are actually indistinguishable from lesions due to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium infection because of their gross and microscopic similarities. Moreover, the actual differential diagnosis of these mycobacterial infections is difficult due to similarities in the clinical expression and pathology associated with these infections. Antigenic similarity ...

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Factors affecting the herd level of antibodies againstMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisin dairy cattle

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

Epidemiologic Indicators Associated with Within-farm Spread of Johne's Disease in Dairy Farms in Japan

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of clinical Johne's disease on dairy farms in New Zealand

Definitive Differentiation between Single and Mixed Mycobacterial Infections in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) by a Combination of Duplex Amplification of p34 and f57 Sequences and Hpy188I Enzymatic Restriction of Duplex Amplicons

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