Factors Affecting the Friction of Tires on Wet Roads

Sabey, B E; Williams, Tennessee; Lupton, G N

doi:10.4271/700376

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, it is thought that the reference friction coefficient of formula (8) contains only information about the interaction between the tire rubber and the runway surface. As it was observed experimentally [20], the friction-speed curves related to two rubber compounds are almost parallel (see Fig. 6 in Sec.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 50%

Modeling-Based Approach to Relate Ground Friction Measurements to Aircraft Braking Performance

Cerezo¹,

Gerthoffert²,

Bouteldja³

et al. 2016

Journal of Aircraft

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aircraft performances at landing or takeoff depend strongly on runway surface conditions. There is a need to provide aircraft pilots with reliable information in view of determining landing performance. Currently, this information is based on a description of the type and depth of contaminants on the runway surface. This paper presents a new method to improve the correlation between friction coefficients and braking coefficients measured respectively by ground vehicles and aircraft. A three-step approach is proposed, using a friction model developed by the Engineering Sciences Data Unit (ESDU), to weight the measured coefficients by factors taking into account the characteristics of the devices and the contaminants. The friction ESDU model is used on contaminated surfaces. The methodology is applied to data collected from extensive friction tests conducted between 1996 and 2003 (in the Joint Winter Runaway Friction Measurement Program). Characteristics of ground friction measuring devices and aircraft are provided as inputs for the ESDU model. It was found that the correlation between weighted ground friction and braking coefficients is improved significantly compared with the correlation between unweighted coefficients. Advantages of the newly proposed method are discussed in terms of using ground friction coefficients as a promising alternative to determine the runway condition code for aircraft pilots. Nomenclature C D = drag coefficient F B , F R = braking and rolling force, N F m , F v = measured horizontal and vertical force, N F Drag , F Displacement , F Compression = contaminant, displacement, and compression drag force, N g = gravity, m∕s 2 p, p a = tire inflation pressure (absolute) and atmospheric pressure, N∕m 2 R = wheel radius, m T = torque, N · m V, v = ground and slip speed, m∕s Z = vertical load, N μ Total , μ Slip , μ Roll , μ Drag , μ Ref = total deceleration coefficient, braking coefficient, rolling resistance, contaminant drag coefficient, reference friction coefficient ξ 0 , ξ 1 , η 0 , η 1 , η 2 , γ 0 = empirical constants;N −1∕3 , m −1 · N −1∕3 , N 1∕3 , N 1∕3 · m −1 , dimensionless, m −2 σ, ρ = contaminant specific gravity (dimensionless) and density, kg∕m 3

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 50%

Modeling-Based Approach to Relate Ground Friction Measurements to Aircraft Braking Performance

Cerezo¹,

Gerthoffert²,

Bouteldja³

et al. 2016

Journal of Aircraft

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is quite interesting to notice that if F ¼ 0 in equation ( 3), the F HL term that could be deduced from this equation would have the same form as equation (7).…”

Section: Formulation Taking Into Account the Combined Effect Of Speed Macrotexture And Wdmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…More recently, research work was conducted at IFSTTAR to tackle the question of thin water films and their effect on tire traction. 1 Thin-film traction is a relevant issue as accidents are more likely on just wet roads than on flooded ones; Sabey et al 7 actually said ''. .…”

Section: Friction/wd Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction/water depth relationship—In situ observations and its integration in tire/road friction models

Cerezo¹,

Tan²,

Prevost

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to provide new experimental evidences about the friction/water depth relationship and to improve the formulation of friction models in terms of consideration of the effect of water depth. Tests are conducted on test tracks. Friction forces are measured by means of a dedicated trailer providing a locked-wheel (full sliding) friction coefficient. The test surfaces are wetted by an on-board wetting system providing water depths varying from 0.1 mm to 1.50 mm. Effect of the road surface texture on the friction/water depth variation is shown and commented. Inputs newly provided by field tests, compared with laboratory tests, are highlighted. The obtained friction/water depths curves are assimilated to Stribeck curves and analyses, assuming conditions of a starved lubricated contact, are conducted to determine the lubrication regimes experienced by the tire/road contact when the road surface changes from dry to wet. A new friction model is formulated using the three-zone description of the tire/road contact area. The formulation is focused on the water drainage term reflected by a so-called hydrodynamic term FHL. It was assumed that FHL is a product of elementary functions expressing the respective effects of water depth, speed, tire tread depth, and road surface macrotexture on water drainage. Form of the elementary functions is derived from experimental evidences and consideration of previous friction models. Fitting of the new model to experimental data is shown and comparison with previous models is discussed.

show abstract

“…To stop a moving vehicle on a road wet by rain, maximal sliding friction from tires is desired upon brake application. At a low sliding speed before the emergence of hydroplaning, aside from viscoelasticity (Takino et al, 1997;Grosch, 1963) and road roughness (Do et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2011;Rohde, 1976;Taneerananon and Yandell, 1981), the depth of the water film on the road affects the wet traction performance of a tire during the braking process (Kulakowski and Harwood, 1990;Sabey et al, 1970;Savkoor, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed experimental studies have been performed on tribological systems consisting of rubber sliding on a rough surface with water between the rubber and the surface (Taneerananon and Yandell, 1981;Kulakowski and Harwood, 1990;Sabey et al, 1970;Savkoor, 1990). With a dedicated laboratory device, Kulakowski and Harwood (1990) performed tests at different water depths and obtained an exponential function on the relationship between the friction coefficient and water depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on wet skid resistance at different water-film thicknesses

Jiao

Liu

2018

ILT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Driving safety on a wet road is closely related to the wet skid resistance of tires. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the evolution of wet skid resistance at different water film thicknesses and provide some guidance on the design of a tread pattern with improved traction on rainy roads. Design/methodology/approach Brake tests are performed in a laboratory with a viscoelastic tribotester at various water film thicknesses. The initial water film thickness is 3 mm, which decreases with an increase in the test number. Brake friction force is dynamically measured at water film thicknesses ranging from 0 mm to 3 mm. Findings The results show that water film thickness exerts a great influence on the forms of tire motion and slip ratio. The tire is much easier to slide on the road with thick water film and also with a considerably thin water film (about 0-1 mm) during a sharp braking process. The brake traction can be very low under this road condition despite the apparently safe quality of the road. Originality/value The authors design and establish a new viscoelastic tribotester which is used to simulate the real braking sliding process and study the tribological properties between tire rubber and road surface. The variation in the wet friction coefficient and slip ratio at different water film thicknesses have a great influence on the design of a tread pattern with improved traction on rainy roads.

show abstract

Factors Affecting the Friction of Tires on Wet Roads

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Modeling-Based Approach to Relate Ground Friction Measurements to Aircraft Braking Performance

Modeling-Based Approach to Relate Ground Friction Measurements to Aircraft Braking Performance

Friction/water depth relationship—In situ observations and its integration in tire/road friction models

Experimental study on wet skid resistance at different water-film thicknesses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About