Factors affecting the drinking behavior of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)

Dias, Pedro Américo D.; Rangel‐Negrín, Ariadna; Coyohua-Fuentes, Alejandro; Canales‐Espinosa, Domingo

doi:10.1007/s10329-013-0383-1

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Unlike other primates species (e.g., Alouatta sp. ), capuchins need to access water daily and they alter their daily home range to access water (Campos & Fedigan, ; Dias, Rangel‐Negrín, Coyohua‐Fuentes, & Canales‐Espinosa, ; Fragaszy et al, ). In the early dry season, water remains relatively abundant in tree holes or seasonal streams throughout capuchin home ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small to modest impact of social group on the gut microbiome of wild Costa Rican capuchins in a seasonal forest

Orkin

Webb

Melin

2019

American J Primatol

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The horizontal transmission of pathogenic and beneficial microbes has implications for health and development of socially living animals. Social group is repeatedly implicated as an important predictor of gut microbiome structure among primates, with individuals in neighboring social groups exhibiting distinct microbiomes. Here we examine whether group membership is a predictor of gut microbiome structure and diversity across three groups of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) inhabiting a seasonal Costa Rican forest. We collected 62 fecal samples from 18 adult females during four sampling bouts. Sampling bouts spanned the dry-to-wet-to-dry seasonal transitions. To investigate gut microbial composition, we sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. We used the DADA2 pipeline to assign amplicon sequence variants and the RDP database to classify taxa. Our findings are: 1) gut microbiomes of capuchins clustered by social group in the late dry season, but this pattern was less evident in other sampling bouts; 2) social group was a significant variable in a PERMANOVA test of beta diversity, but it accounted for less variation than season; 3) social group was not an important predictor of abundance for the ten most abundant microbial taxa in capuchins; 4) when examining log2-fold abundances of microbes between social groups, there were significant differences in some pairwise comparisons. While this is suggestive of group-wide differences, individual variation may have a strong impact and should be assessed in future studies. Overall, we found a minor impact of social group membership on the gut microbiota of wild white-faced capuchins. Future research including home range overlap and resource use, as well as fine-scale investigation of individual variation, will further elucidate patterns of socially structured microbes. K E Y W O R D S

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small to modest impact of social group on the gut microbiome of wild Costa Rican capuchins in a seasonal forest

Orkin

Webb

Melin

2019

American J Primatol

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“…Folivorous primates are reported to meet most of their water requirements through the ingestion of fruits and young leaves rather than from drinking water directly from terrestrial or arboreal water sources (Cerling, Hart, & Hart, 2004; Rothman et al, 2008). Though water is important for the maintenance of homeostasis, transport of hormones and nutrients, multiple hydrolytic processes such as microbial fermentation of fibrous vegetation, and excretion of waste products also require large amounts of water (Dias, Rangel‐Negrín, Coyohua‐Fuentes, & Canales‐Espinosa, 2014; National Research Council, 2003). Three species of howler monkeys ( Alouatta palliata, A. caraya , and A. pigra ), whose yearly diets can include from 58.2% to 82.4% leaves, based on feeding time, increased water intake during periods in which the consumption of mature leaves with lower levels of moisture and greater amounts of fiber and secondary compounds increased (Bicca‐Marques, 1992; Dias et al, 2014; Glander, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though water is important for the maintenance of homeostasis, transport of hormones and nutrients, multiple hydrolytic processes such as microbial fermentation of fibrous vegetation, and excretion of waste products also require large amounts of water (Dias, Rangel‐Negrín, Coyohua‐Fuentes, & Canales‐Espinosa, 2014; National Research Council, 2003). Three species of howler monkeys ( Alouatta palliata, A. caraya , and A. pigra ), whose yearly diets can include from 58.2% to 82.4% leaves, based on feeding time, increased water intake during periods in which the consumption of mature leaves with lower levels of moisture and greater amounts of fiber and secondary compounds increased (Bicca‐Marques, 1992; Dias et al, 2014; Glander, 1978). In the Tonkin snub‐nosed monkey ( R. avunculus ) and in the golden snub‐nosed monkey ( R. roxellana ), individuals were reported to select leaves lower in fiber and higher in moisture during all periods of the year (Lan Anh et al, 2014; Tie, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cafeteria‐style feeding trials provide new insights into the diet and nutritional strategies of the black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri): Implications for conservation

Yang

Garber

et al. 2020

American J Primatol

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Anthropogenic changes and fragmentation of natural habitats often exert a negative effect on resource availability and distribution, and the nutritional ecology and feeding behavior of nonhuman primates. The goals of this study are to examine food choice and to identify the nutritional profile of foods consumed by the Critically Endangered black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri). To accomplish our study goals, we presented cafeteria‐style feeding trials of fresh food items collected in the home range of wild black snub‐nosed monkeys to the only two captive R. strykeri, and compared the nutritional profiles of the leafy foods (buds, young, and mature leaves, 100 items from 70 plant species) selected with those avoided (54 items from 48 plant species). Overall, the results indicate that captive R. strykeri selected foods that were higher in moisture (Mo; 77.7%), crude protein (CP; 21.2%), total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC; 34.9%), and phosphorus (P; 0.37%) while tending to avoid foods with a neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of greater than 46.8%. Leaves collected in autumn and selected by the monkeys were characterized by a slightly higher amount of metabolizable energy (ME) than those rejected (1,350 kJ/100 g vs. 1,268 kJ/100 g). In contrast, the protein content of foods collected and consumed during the spring was greater (22.9%) than in autumn (16.4%). Random Forests modeling, an ensemble learning method, indicated that the proportion of Mo, NDF, ME, CP, P, and TNC were among the most important factors in predicting which items were consumed by the captive R. strykeri during spring and autumn. On the basis of the nutritional profile of foods consumed across the two seasons, we identified 18 nutrient‐rich native plant species that we recommend for use in ex‐ and in‐situ conservation management and reforestation programs to provide long‐term access to a nutritionally adequate diet.

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“…In Campeche the climate is hot and humid, and mean annual rainfall is 1,300 mm, with a drier season from November to May (mean monthly rainfall ± SD = 43.7±25.8 mm), and a wetter period between June and October (218.9±14.1 mm). Mean annual temperature is 26°C [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primates Living Outside Protected Habitats Are More Stressed: The Case of Black Howler Monkeys in the Yucatán Peninsula

et al. 2014

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The non-invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid hormones allows for the assessment of the physiological effects of anthropogenic disturbances on wildlife. Variation in glucocorticoid levels of the same species between protected and unprotect areas seldom has been measured, and the available evidence suggests that this relationship may depend on species-specific habitat requirements and biology. In the present study we focused on black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), a canopy-dwelling primate species, as a case study to evaluate the physiological consequences of living in unprotected areas, and relate them with intragroup competition and competition with extragroup individuals. From February 2006 to September 2007 we collected 371 fecal samples from 21 adults belonging to five groups (two from protected and three from unprotected areas) in Campeche, Mexico. We recorded agonistic interactions within groups and encounters with other groups (1,200 h of behavioral observations), and determined fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations with radioimmunoassays. We used linear mixed models and Akaike's information criterion to choose the best model explaining variation in FGM concentrations between protected and unprotected areas calculated from five categorical variables: habitat type (protected vs. unprotected), participation in agonistic interactions, intergroup encounters, sex and female reproductive state, and season. The best model included habitat type, the interaction between habitat type and agonism, and the interaction between habitat type and season. FGM concentrations were higher in unprotected habitats, particularly when individuals were involved in agonistic interactions; seasonal variation in FGM concentrations was only detected in protected habitats. High FGM concentrations in black howler monkeys living in unprotected habitats are associated with increased within-group food competition and probably associated with exposure to anthropogenic stressors and overall food scarcity. Because persistent high GC levels can be detrimental to health and fitness, populations living in disturbed unprotected areas may not be viable in the long-term.

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Factors affecting the drinking behavior of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Small to modest impact of social group on the gut microbiome of wild Costa Rican capuchins in a seasonal forest

Small to modest impact of social group on the gut microbiome of wild Costa Rican capuchins in a seasonal forest

Cafeteria‐style feeding trials provide new insights into the diet and nutritional strategies of the black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri): Implications for conservation

Primates Living Outside Protected Habitats Are More Stressed: The Case of Black Howler Monkeys in the Yucatán Peninsula

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