Factors Affecting the Composition of Expressed Fresh Human Milk

Pham, Quyen; Patel, Pinkal; Baban, Babak; Yu, Jack C.; Bhatia, Jatinder

doi:10.1089/bfm.2020.0195

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The composition of human milk is dynamic and depends on different factors, including host genetics, environment and gestational age [1]. As a result, own mother's milk (OMM) is widely acknowledged as the best feeding option for preterm infants [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Escuder-Vieco¹,

Rodríguez

Espinosa-Martos³

et al. 2021

Life

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Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin concentrations in DHM before (raw) and after HTST treatment (processing at 70, 72 and 75 • C for 15, and 25 s) or HoP (62.5 • C, 30 min) (n = 5) 1. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Escuder-Vieco¹,

Rodríguez

Espinosa-Martos³

et al. 2021

Life

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“…The most abundant FA in milk are SFA, followed by MUFA and PUFA, and these compounds-expressed as % of FA-are mutually dependent, with an increase in one FA implying a decrease in one or more other FA [35]. Among FA, PUFA tend to be more sensitive to maternal dietary intake [10]. A cross-countries study showed that the proportions of SFA and MUFA were relatively constant across a large number of countries, whereas the level of some PUFA, and particularly DHA, was highly variable, likely due to maternal diet influences [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of human milk depends on different environmental and maternal factors [10][11][12][13]. Maternal dietary habits have been reported to influence human milk fatty acids (FA) composition, while macronutrient contents in milk appear less sensitive to maternal dietary intakes [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

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“…Environmental factors and the manner in which HM is handled can affect HM's composition [23]. During the storage and processing of expressed HM, there are risks of bacterial contamination, decreased immunological activity, and reduced nutritional potential [24]. The Sri Lankan health agency strongly recommends against the use of pumps to express human milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers' Experiences in Milk Management Out of the Hospital: a Qualitative Study

Yang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundHuman milk(HM) is important for the health and development of preterm infants. China’s neonatal intensive care units have adopted a closed management system of maternal–infant separation. A prerequisite for feeding human milk to preterm infants in hospitals is to have sufficient and safe human milk. Therefore, out-of-hospital human milk management is crucial. Little is known about mothers’ opinions on out-of-hospital human milk management. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Chinese mothers providing their newborns in the neonatal intensive care units with human milk expressed outside of the hospital.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants who transferred their human milk to the hospital human milk bank during the hospitalization of their preterm infants. This study adopted a qualitative research approach with thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: 1) human milk management awareness; 2) lack of standardization regarding expressing, storing, and transporting expressed HM; and 3) external support. Theme 2 additionally has three sub-themes: I) differentiation of preparations before human milk expression; II) differentiation of devices for human milk expression; and III) insufficient knowledge and understanding.ConclusionsIn this study, all participants who received health education showed enthusiasm for participating in out-of-hospital human milk management. However, most participants had questions during the implementation process. Medical staff should provide professional and continuous external support to support mothers in implementing HM management.

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Factors Affecting the Composition of Expressed Fresh Human Milk

Cited by 31 publications

References 89 publications

High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Mothers' Experiences in Milk Management Out of the Hospital: a Qualitative Study

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