Factors affecting the breathing rate of mice as used for studies of radiation damage to lungs

Travis, Elizabeth L.; Down, Julian D.; Hall, LW; Vojnovic, B.; Holmes, S. J.

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-54-637-50

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As expected, sodium nitrite alone had no significant effect (column 4 in each panel). It should be noted that the changes observed in the response of both breathing rate and pulse rate to the anesthetic and/or the antidote lie within the range of values reported to be normal for the species: respectively, 110-330 breaths/min 12,13 and 400-800 beats/min 14 depending on mouse strain.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Comparison of the Relative Propensities of Isoamyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite to Ameliorate Acute Cyanide Poisoning in Mice and a Novel Antidotal Effect Arising from Anesthetics

Cambal

Weitz

et al. 2013

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Isoamyl nitrite has previously been considered acceptable as an inhaled cyanide antidote, so the antidotal utility of this organic nitrite compared with sodium nitrite was investigated. To facilitate a quantitative comparison, doses of both sodium nitrite and isoamyl nitrite were given intraperitoneally in equimolar amounts to sub-lethally cyanide-challenged mice. Righting recovery from the knockdown state was clearly compromised in the isoamyl nitrite-treated animals, the effect being attributable to the toxicity of the isoamyl alchol produced during hydrolysis of the isoamyl nitrite to release nitrite anion. Subsequently, inhaled aqueous sodium nitrite aerosol was demonstrated to ameliorate sub-lethal cyanide toxicity, when provided to mice after the toxic dose, by the more rapid recovery of righting ability compared to control animals given only the toxicant. Aerosolized sodium nitrite has thus been shown by these experiments to have promise as a better alternative to organic nitrites for development as an inhaled cyanide antidote. The inhaled sodium nitrite led to production of NO in the bloodstream as determined by the appearance of EPR signals attributable to nitrosylhemoglobin and methemoglobin. The aerosol delivery was performed in an unmetered inhalation chamber and, in this study, no attempt was made to optimize the procedure. It is argued that administration of an effective inhaled aqueous sodium nitrite dose in humans is possible, though just beyond the capability of current individual metered-dose inhaler designs, such as those used for asthma. Finally, working at slightly greater than LD50 NaCN doses, it was fortuitously discovered that (i) anesthesia leads to significantly prolonged survival compared to unanesthetized animals and (ii) the antidotal activity of nitrite anion was completely abolished under anesthesia. Plausible explanations for these effects in mice and their practical consequences in relation to testing putative cyanide antidotes are discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Comparison of the Relative Propensities of Isoamyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite to Ameliorate Acute Cyanide Poisoning in Mice and a Novel Antidotal Effect Arising from Anesthetics

Cambal

Weitz

et al. 2013

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Increases in breathing rate have been previously shown during pneumonitis and fibrosis [23,30,[166][167][168]. Mice were acclimatized to the measurement process three times before the commencement of the experiment.…”

Section: Breathing Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genistein following fractionated lung irradiation in mice

Para¹,

Bezjak²,

Yeung³

et al. 2009

Radiotherapy and Oncology

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Radiation therapy for lung cancer and cancers of the upper thorax is limited by side effects to normal tissue of the lung. An understanding of mechanisms leading to radiation induced lung damage is essential to developing protective agents. In this thesis an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent Genistein was investigated for its potential to affect DNA damage, tissue inflammation, functional deficits and survival. We hypothesized that chronic oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory response play a key role in the development of major lung complications, radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. If side effects of radiation could be reduced, then larger doses could be delivered to the tumor with a better chance of eradicating the disease.ii Acknowledgements

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“…Currently, whole-body plethysmography is considered the gold standard for measurement of lung function, including respiratory rate, in laboratory rodents [ 10 ]. Increases in breathing rate have been previously detected in mice with pneumonitis and lung fibrosis [ 20 – 22 ]. Although mice are usually acclimatized to the measurement environment, any restraint that is used remains stressful to the animals and the results obtained represent only cross-sectional data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models

et al. 2021

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In oncology research, while xenograft tumor models are easily visualized and humane endpoints can be clearly defined, metastatic tumor models are often based on more subjective clinical observations as endpoints. This study aimed at identifying objective non-invasive criteria for predicting imminent distress and mortality in metastatic lung tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with CT26 or B16F10 cells, respectively. The mice were housed in Vium smart cages to continuously monitor and stream respiratory rate and locomotion for up to 28 days until scheduled euthanasia or humane endpoint criteria were met. Body weight and body temperature were measured during the study. On days 11, 14, 17 and 28, lungs of subsets of animals were microCT imaged in vivo to assess lung metastasis progression and then euthanized for lung microscopic evaluations. Beginning at day 21, most tumor-bearing animals developed increased respiratory rates followed by decreased locomotion 1–2 days later, compared with the baseline values. Increases in respiratory rate did not correlate to surface tumor nodule counts or lung weight. Body weight measurement did not show significant changes from days 14–28 in either tumor-bearing or control animals. We propose that increases in respiratory rate (1.3–1.5 X) can be used to provide an objective benchmark to signal the need for increased clinical observations or euthanasia. Adoption of this novel humane endpoint criterion would allow investigators time to collect tissue samples prior to spontaneous morbidity or death and significantly reduce the distress of mice in the terminal stages of these metastatic lung tumor models.

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Factors affecting the breathing rate of mice as used for studies of radiation damage to lungs

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of the Relative Propensities of Isoamyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite to Ameliorate Acute Cyanide Poisoning in Mice and a Novel Antidotal Effect Arising from Anesthetics

Comparison of the Relative Propensities of Isoamyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite to Ameliorate Acute Cyanide Poisoning in Mice and a Novel Antidotal Effect Arising from Anesthetics

Effects of genistein following fractionated lung irradiation in mice

Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models

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