Factors affecting submerged oviposition in a water strider: level of dissolved oxygen and male presence

Hirayama, Hiroyuki; Kasuya, Eiiti

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.013

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although eggs unprotected by thick shells certainly display sensitivity to variation in abiotic factors (e.g., dissolved oxygen as in Hirayama & Kasuya, 2008), placing clutches underwater likely provides an environmental buffer to disturbance. While the lack of a hard shell increases the vulnerability of such eggs to desiccation, some eggs of certain species, in direct contrast to most insects and amphibians, must dry out to develop fully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pink eggs and snails: field oviposition patterns of an invasive snail, Pomacea insularum, indicate a preference for an invasive macrophyte

2010

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Oviposition of non-calcareous or thinly shelled eggs represents an important life stage of many insects, amphibians, and several gastropods. A recently identified invasive species of apple snail, Pomacea insularum, exhibits alarming invasive characteristics of high reproductive rates and generalist consumption patterns. This snail takes the opposite approach to egg laying compared to most aquatic insects as adult snails crawl out of the water to place clutches on emergent, or terrestrial, substrates. As fecundity best indicates invasive potential for mollusks, control or management efforts need to understand reproductive behavior in P. insularum to predict, and hopefully impede, its spread throughout the Gulf Coast of the United States. Specific characteristics of wetlands and shallow lakes may facilitate the invasion process of P. insularum by providing females with conditions that permit successful oviposition. In order to investigate this possibility, we studied P. insularum oviposition behavior in an invasive population at two times during the reproductive season in Texas, USA. Based on a subsequent survey (August 2009), plants comprised 78% of the available habitat. Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) and alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) represented 48 and 43% of that proportion, respectively. During 2008-2009, no new concrete or metal structures appeared in our sampling reach and consistent amounts of plant stands and woody debris remained dominant. Given this distribution, P. insularum laid disproportionately more clutches on wild taro compared to its availability and less on alligator weed and bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus) than expected. Owing to limited metal and concrete substrates, we found a higher proportion of clutches on these artificial substrates than expected in both May and August 2008. However, artificial substrates comprised less than 2% of available substrates in the bayou. Our results suggest that wetlands and shallow lakes surrounded by large emergent macrophytes, particularly wild taro, likely provide ideal oviposition sites for P. insularum, promote egg supply, and possibly facilitate invasion into new aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pink eggs and snails: field oviposition patterns of an invasive snail, Pomacea insularum, indicate a preference for an invasive macrophyte

2010

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“…In this period, T. gerriphagus frequently parasitizes A. paludum eggs in the wild. Because A. paludum can memorize the egg‐parasitism risk (Hirayama & Kasuya, ), wild‐captured A. paludum in this period often perform submerged oviposition and lay eggs at deep positions to avoid egg parasitism, even when kept under parasitoid‐free conditions (Hirayama & Kasuya, ). Water striders were captured 1 day prior to the experiment and kept in aquaria (40 × 60 × 40 cm, water depth 5 cm; 10 males and 10 females per aquarium) in the experimental room, at 25 °C and natural light condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the control treatment, the vessel had neither the presence nor chemicals of N. triguttata . Because dissolved oxygen in water affects underwater oviposition of A. paludum (Hirayama & Kasuya, ), to saturate the dissolved oxygen, the water in the vessels was stored 20 h before introduction of A. paludum .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, A. paludum eggs in the wild are frequently predated (parasitized) by the scelionid wasp Tiphodytes gerriphagus (Marchal). To avoid egg parasitism, A. paludum females lay eggs at deep sites in the water (Amano et al., ; Hirayama & Kasuya, , ). Submerged oviposition increases the predation risk for egg‐laying females by aquatic predators (Corbet, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of adult females' predation risk on oviposition site selection in a water strider

Hirayama

Kasuya

2013

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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In many egg-laying species, females avoid ovipositing at sites where the predation risk is high. Previous studies have mainly focused on the risk for offspring. The effect of predation risk for the females has been considered in some taxa in which parents spend much time at an oviposition site for parental care or mating (e.g., birds, amphibians). In species in which females do not perform activities other than oviposition at sites, the effect of predation risk for females on oviposition site selection has been rarely investigated. We examined whether the predation risk for ovipositing females affects the decision on oviposition in the water strider Aquarius paludum insularis (Motschulsky) (Heteroptera: Gerridae). Adult A. paludum are preyed upon by a backswimmer, Notonecta triguttata (Motschulsky) (Heteroptera: Notonectidae), but N. triguttata does not prey upon eggs or early instars of A. paludum. We allowed female A. paludum to oviposit under one of three conditions: in presence of N. triguttata, in presence of its chemicals, and in absence of the predator or its cues (control). Female A. paludum less frequently oviposited in presence of N. triguttata than in its absence. Oviposition frequency did not differ between females in presence of chemicals of N. triguttata vs. those in the control. Female A. paludum recognized the predation risk upon themselves from the presence of N. triguttata and avoided ovipositing. This study is the first to directly show that the predation risk upon ovipositing females changes oviposition site selection in species in which the time spent at an oviposition site is short.

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“…Aquarius paludum is a common water strider found in ponds and usually oviposits on stones on vegetation in the water. Female A. paludum often oviposits at a position deeper below the surface to avoid the egg parasitism (Amano et al2008;Hirayama & Kasuya 2008). Females of T. gerriphagus search for eggs of water striders on or near the water surface and frequently submerge in the water along stones or vegetation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diving Into The Water: Cues Related to the Decision‐Making by an Egg Parasitoid Attacking Underwater Hosts

2014

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Although adult parasitoids spend a majority of their lives above ground, females of several species must search for their host in the water or on the soil. Adult parasitoids above ground can use a variety of sensory cues to detect their hosts from a distance. However, their sensory cues can be impaired from volatile chemicals, and their visual stimuli can be decreased while submerging or burrowing in the water of soil during their search for their hosts. Searching underwater or underground would incur high foraging costs, that is, time and energy consumption and increase risk of drowning. Therefore, to reduce such costs and increase searching efficiency, the decision on where to start submerging or burrowing for attacking hosts is important for parasitoids. Furthermore, there are no studies that have examined the cues of submerging or burrowing parasitoids on their exploit for the decision to attack their hosts. We have examined the cues used by the egg parasitoid Tiphodytes gerriphagus attacking underwater hosts. We compared the searching behaviors of T. gerriphagus among four oviposition site conditions. The four sites investigated were oviposition site with both host adult chemical residues and presence of eggs, with only the presence of eggs, with only the host adult chemical residues, and without any cue. Our results indicated that T. gerriphagus more frequently contacted and submerged at oviposition sites with the adult residues rather than at oviposition sites without them. Nonetheless, the presence of underwater host eggs did not affect the host‐searching behavior. This suggests that T. gerriphagus decided to submerge at the oviposition site in response to the adult residues. Furthermore, our observation also suggested that T. gerriphagus has already detected that the adult residues might be volatile before contacting the oviposition site. Finally, we will discuss the exploitation patterns of host‐searching cue by parasitoids that need to submerge from the context of its reliability and detectability problems.

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Factors affecting submerged oviposition in a water strider: level of dissolved oxygen and male presence

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Pink eggs and snails: field oviposition patterns of an invasive snail, Pomacea insularum, indicate a preference for an invasive macrophyte

Pink eggs and snails: field oviposition patterns of an invasive snail, Pomacea insularum, indicate a preference for an invasive macrophyte

Effect of adult females' predation risk on oviposition site selection in a water strider

Diving Into The Water: Cues Related to the Decision‐Making by an Egg Parasitoid Attacking Underwater Hosts

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