Factors affecting spreadability and transportation of oil in regions of frozen ground

Chuvilin, Evgeny; Naletova, N.S.; Miklyaeva, E.C.; Kozlova, Elena; Инстанес, Арне

doi:10.1017/s003224740002725x

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the displacement of salt ions and oil by the freezing front was described in earlier papers [27,28]. The theoretical basis was mostly concentrated on the opposite process of water migration towards the solid interface between frozen and thawed soil, known as the freezing front, which forms cryogenic structures in permafrost and causes heaving [43][44][45].…”

Section: Evidence Of Cryogenic Transport Of Methanementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils

et al. 2017

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Evidences of highly localized methane fluxes are reported from the Arctic shelf, hot spots of methane emissions in thermokarst lakes, and are believed to evolve to features like Yamal crater on land. The origin of large methane outbursts is problematic. Here we show, that the biogenic methane (δ 13 C ≤ −71 ) which formed before and during soil freezing is presently held in the permafrost. Field and experimental observations show that methane tends to accumulate at the permafrost table or in the coarse-grained lithological pockets surrounded by the sediments less-permeable for gas. Our field observations, radiocarbon dating, laboratory tests and theory all suggest that depending on the soil structure and freezing dynamics, this methane may have been displaced downwards tens of meters during freezing and has accumulated in the lithological pockets. The initial flux of methane from the one pocket disclosed by drilling was at a rate of more than 2.5 kg C(CH 4 ) m −2 h −1 . The age of the methane was 8-18 thousand years younger than the age of the sediments, suggesting that it was displaced tens of meters during freezing. The theoretical background provided the insight on the cryogenic displacement of methane in support of the field and experimental data. Upon freezing of sediments, methane follows water migration and either dissipates in the freezing soils or concentrates at certain places controlled by the freezing rate, initial methane distribution and soil structure.

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Section: Evidence Of Cryogenic Transport Of Methanementioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Displacement and Accumulation of Biogenic Methane in Frozen Soils

et al. 2017

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“…Spilled oil can migrate in the active layer when it is unfrozen or thawing. During freeze-thaw cycles, hydrocarbons can migrate ahead of the freezing front and accumulate in the permafrost interface [5] . Even the permafrost is not an impermeable barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Oil Treatment Leads to Shift of Bacterial Communities in Soils from the Deep Active Layer and Upper Permafrost along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline Route

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The buried China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) across the permafrost-associated cold ecosystem in northeastern China carries a risk of contamination to the deep active layers and upper permafrost in case of accidental rupture of the embedded pipeline or migration of oil spills. As many soil microbes are capable of degrading petroleum, knowledge about the intrinsic degraders and the microbial dynamics in the deep subsurface could extend our understanding of the application of in-situ bioremediation. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the bacterial communities in response to simulated contamination to deep soil samples by using 454 pyrosequencing amplicons. The result showed that bacterial diversity was reduced after 8-weeks contamination. A shift in bacterial community composition was apparent in crude oil-amended soils with Proteobacteria (esp. α-subdivision) being the dominant phylum, together with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The contamination led to enrichment of indigenous bacterial taxa like Novosphingobium, Sphingobium, Caulobacter, Phenylobacterium, Alicylobacillus and Arthrobacter, which are generally capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The community shift highlighted the resilience of PAH degraders and their potential for in-situ degradation of crude oil under favorable conditions in the deep soils.

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“…For example, we understand moisture migration along thermal gradients, processes driven by water-to-ice phase change, the importance of soil (and ice) saturation and pore ice content to fluid transport, and thermal contraction of frozen material by continued rapid cooling. However, variability in contaminant transport results from laboratory trials [22][23][24][25], and field studies [6,[26][27][28] attest to the complexity of the active layer and permafrost. Furthermore, we know little about cryoturbation influence and its potential role in vertical and horizontal movement of soil, water, and oil.…”

Section: Petroleum In a Thawing Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%