Factors affecting soft tissue around dental implants: A review of the literature

Effects of different implant–abutment connections on micromotion and stress distribution: Prediction of microgap formation

“…38 During masticatory function, the microflow of bacteria from the microgap to the nearest attached mucosa and crestal bone 43 provides a pumping mechanism that may induce the formation of inflammatory connective tissues around the dental implant neck, 43 thus causing peri-implant mucositis, and subsequently, peri-implantitis. 6,7,9 Healthy connective tissue consists of different collagen components, such as collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV and collagen V. 44 Collagen IV is more frequently found in peri-implantitis than in healthy mucosa, and it has an ability to accelerate bacterial penetration. 44 Bibby found that the growth of bacterial flora was more pronounced around the posterior mandibular teeth, but no comparison had been made between the lingual and buccal regions.…”

“…In the worst-case scenario, such inflammation will cause gingivitis, bone loss, and eventually, implant failure. 6,7,9 Although peri-implant therapy can be used to treat peri-implant disease, bone loss that has already occurred is irreversible, and implant failure is still a common complication following therapy. 10 It is therefore prudent to prevent bacterial colonisation by having a tight seal at the implant-abutment interface.…”

Biologic Width and Morphologic Characteristics of Soft Tissues Around Immediately Loaded Implants: Studies Performed on Human Autopsy Specimens

“…Soft tissue health is critical to the patient's perception of a successful restoration, and long-term biofunctionality and esthetic appearance are mainly based on the stability of the biologic width (BW). 1 The BW around natural teeth was first defined in the 1960s. 2 As reported in a number of studies, 3-10 the peri-implant BW is composed of an epithelium overlying connective tissue (CT), with many similarities to the dento-gingival tissues around teeth.…”

Bone and Gingival Connective Tissue Responses towards Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser-Treated Titanium Implants

“…Many studies have showed that a rough surface produced better bone bonding and better cell activity [1][2][3][4][5] . In contrast, attachment of gingival connective tissue to titanium implants is insufficient compared with their tight bonding to bone, resulting in soft-tissue inflammation, referred to as peri-implantitis or peri-implant mucositis [6][7] . The attachment of gingival connective tissue to titanium implants has been less studied than bone bonding.…”