Factors Affecting Serum Total Protein and Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Replacement Dairy Calves

Villarroel, Aurora; Miller, Taylor B; Johnson, Elisha D; Noyes, Kimberly R; Ward, Justin K

doi:10.4172/2329-888x.1000106

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lower FPT rates seen on the second (16.00%) and third (2.70%) days indicate that immunoglobulins in the colostrum continue to be absorbed by the intestines after 24 h. A similar study conducted in goat kids had similar results [18], where serum IgG concentrations were double on day 4 when compared to day 1 after birth. Furthermore, the serum immunoglobulin levels in calves were reported to be highest at 36 h [11], and even higher immunoglobulin levels have been reported on the 2nd and 3rd days after birth [26]. Colostrum quality of goats in the present study was determined by measurement of IgG and was determined as 4757.53 ± 121.61 mg/dL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Evaluation of passive transfer in goat kids with Brix refractometer and comparison with other semiquantitative tests

Batmaz¹,

Kaçar²,

Topal³

et al. 2019

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer (PT) status of goat kids by Brix refractometry and compare the results with other semiquantitative tests (total protein-TP, glutaraldehyde coagulation test-GCT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase-GGT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). The study was conducted on 75 goat kids born from 47 Saanen goats. The blood samples were collected from the kids on day 0 (presuckling) and on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after birth. The Brix% and TP concentrations were measured with refractometers, and GGT activity was measured using a dry chemistry system. The duration of the GCT was determined in the first 60 min. The serum IgG concentration was measured by goat IgG ELISA kit. On the 1st and 2nd days, serum Brix% in the kids was measured as 9.33 ± 0.17% and 9.17 ± 0.14%, respectively. In the 1st and 2nd day serum samples of the kids, IgG was 817.76 ± 37.34 mg/dL and 1173.29 ± 47.81 mg/dL, respectively, and GGT was 1298.07 ± 133.29 IU/L and 692.26 ± 79.86 IU/L, respectively. The Brix refractometer was found to be more sensitive for detection of PT status in kids on the first and second days after birth, such as TP and GCT, whereas GGT, as an early indicator of PT, was useful only on the first day after birth. We conclude that the Brix refractometer could be used to determine the PT status in goat kids and Brix measurements lower than 8.6%, 9.2%, and 9.3% indicate failure of PT in 1-, 2-, and 3-day-old kids, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Evaluation of passive transfer in goat kids with Brix refractometer and comparison with other semiquantitative tests

Batmaz¹,

Kaçar²,

Topal³

et al. 2019

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Some authors have established a relationship between BEO supplementation and increased immunity through increased production of immunoglobulins G and M, increasing STP in calves [ 41 , 42 ]. Previous studies confirmed that IgG concentration was lower in calves with severe diarrhea than in healthy calves [ 43 ]. In our study, in addition to serum protein showing no difference between treatments, diarrhea was not a major problem in calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Essential oil blend supplementation in the milk replacer of dairy calves: Performance and health

Coelho,

da Silva,

de Toledo

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Supplementation of dairy calves with essential oils in the liquid diet can reduce the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and promote better performance. Our objective was to evaluate an essential oil blend containing peppermint, eucalyptus, and menthol crystals and its effect on performance and health during the pre and postweaning period of dairy calves. At birth, 40 dairy calves (34 males and 6 females) were blocked according to sex and birth weight, randomly assigned to one of two treatments–commercial milk replacer diluted at 14% (MR) and the same liquid diet plus essential oil blend (MREO) at a dose of 4 mL per calf per day, divided into two meals during the first 28 days of life. Calves were individually housed and fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, divided into two meals, and received starter concentrate and water ad libitum. Weaning was gradually reduced by 1L per day at d 51 until complete weaning at 56 days. After weaning, calves were evaluated until 70 days of age, when the experimental period ended. Intake, fecal, and health scores were evaluated daily, weight and body measures were recorded weekly, and blood parameters were evaluated at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8. Calves fed MREO tended to have higher total dry matter intake during the preweaning period. Furthermore, MREO calves had lower health scores and fewer days with a health score ≥ 4 (suggestive of bronchopneumonia), tended to lower coughing days and fewer veterinary interventions preweaning, and tended to lower health scores postweaning. The supplementation with a blend of essential oils containing peppermint, eucalyptus, and menthol crystals can reduce respiratory problems. Further studies are needed to investigate the dose and the supplementation period.

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“…We mainly observed the immune status of all calves at the beginning of the trial. Values observed in the three groups exceeded the established limit values for plasma TP (>5.2 mg/dL) and plasma IgG (>1000.0 mg/dL) in Holstein calves, useful for monitoring failure of passive transfer (FPT) in dairy calves [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Feeding a Total Mixed Ration with an ad libitum or Restricted Pelleted Starter on Growth Performance, Rumination Behavior, Blood Metabolites, and Rumen Fermentation in Weaning Holstein Dairy Calves

Spina,

Lopreiato,

Britti

et al. 2023

Animals

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The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the starter restriction and of the ad libitum TMR (total mixed ration) inclusion on intake, growth performance, rumination time (RT), and health condition of Holstein dairy calves during weaning. We randomly assigned thirty female Holstein calves (with an average weight of 38.5 ± 1.96 kg at birth) to one of three treatments. From 21 days of age, the calves were fed one of three treatments as follows: a control diet (CTR) with an ad libitum calf starter but without TMR; Treatment 1 diet (TRT1) with both an ad libitum calf starter and ad libitum TMR; Treatment 2 diet (TRT2) with ad libitum TMR and a restricted amount of a calf starter (50% of the intake recorder in the control group day by day). Calves in the TRT2 group, between 56 and 63 days of age, had a lower body weight (80.1; 79.5; 75.6 kg for the CTR, TRT1, and TRT2 groups, respectively) compared with CTR and TRT1 calves. This outcome is ascribed to the average daily gain (0.759; 0.913; 0.508 kg/day for the CTR, TRT1, and TRT2 groups, respectively), resulting also in TRT2 being lower than CTR or TRT1 calves. The inclusion of ad libitum TMR increased the rumination time, especially after weaning (15.28 min/h, 18.38 min/h, and 18.95 min/h for the CTR, TRT1, and TRT2 groups, respectively). Concerning the rumen metabolism and inflammometabolic response, overall, no differences were observed between the three dietary treatments. In conclusion, the results indicated that a TMR could partially replace a calf starter in weaning dairy calves, since neither growth performance nor health status were impaired. In addition, providing TMR (with or without concentrate restriction) led to a better rumen development and likely a better rumen fermentation efficiency in post-weaning.

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Factors Affecting Serum Total Protein and Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Replacement Dairy Calves

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of passive transfer in goat kids with Brix refractometer and comparison with other semiquantitative tests

Evaluation of passive transfer in goat kids with Brix refractometer and comparison with other semiquantitative tests

Essential oil blend supplementation in the milk replacer of dairy calves: Performance and health

The Effect of Feeding a Total Mixed Ration with an ad libitum or Restricted Pelleted Starter on Growth Performance, Rumination Behavior, Blood Metabolites, and Rumen Fermentation in Weaning Holstein Dairy Calves

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