Factors affecting prognosis in canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors: 45 cases

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome of subcutaneous mast cell tumors (SQMCT) and to identify clinical and histological characteristics of more aggressive disease. Study design: Retrospective study. Animals: Forty-five dogs with 48 SQMCTs. Methods: Medical records were reviewed (2011-2021) for patient information, clinical, and histopathological data including multinucleation, necrosis, invasion into local muscle, an infiltrative growth pattern, tumor grade (if listed), mitotic index, and surgical margins. The presence of local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, survival time, and other parameters evaluating patient outcome were also recorded. Results: Local recurrence occurred in 17.8% (8/45) of dogs, 11.1% (5/45) developed metastatic recurrence, and 26.7% (12/45) developed lymph node metastasis. Dogs with lymph node metastases had a median disease-free interval (DFI) of 194 days (18-1864), while median DFI was not reached for dogs without lymph node metastasis (p = .0012). Median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis was 551 days (110-2050) compared to 1722 days (10-1722) without metastasis (p = .0432). Local recurrence resulted in a significantly shorter median survival time of 551 days (80-2050) compared to 1722 days (10-1722) for dogs without local recurrence (p = .0038). Dogs with infiltrative tumors had a median DFI of 268 days (3-1722) and DFI for dogs without an infiltrative pattern had not reached median at 1864 days (10-1864) (p = .011). Conclusion:Lymph node metastasis decreased disease-free interval and survival. Clinical significance: Subcutaneous mast cell tumors may be a more aggressive disease than previously reported. | INTRODUCTIONMast cell neoplasia is a disease that carries a variable clinical outcome based on its histologic grade, tumor location, and other histological and clinical features and is most commonly present in the dermis.

CXCL6-CXCR2 axis-mediated PD-L2+ mast cell accumulation shapes the immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma

“…Mast cell infiltration in tumours has recently been reported [ 27 , 28 ]; unfortunately, the phenotypic characteristics of mast cells and their functions are still poorly understood. Many immune coinhibitory signals are associated with immunosuppression in cancer.…”

Eyelid and conjunctival mast cell tumors: A retrospective study of 26 dogs and 8 cats

“…a more recent study, Gill et al examined if the Kiupel and a modified Patnaik grading scheme (excluding "depth of invasion") could be applied to prognosticate subcutaneous MCTs, however, due to the low number of high-grade tumors no conclusion could be drawn. The most recent study by Cherzan et al 42 demonstrated that histologic parameters used in grading cutaneous MCTs such as multinucleation, infiltrative growth pattern, or mitotic count were also prognostic in a subset of more aggressive subcutaneous MCTs. Oral mucous membrane MCTs are more likely to behave aggressively with frequent lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrences, especially when exhibiting features of high-grade tumors such as a high mitotic index.…”

“…examined if the Kiupel and a modified Patnaik grading scheme (excluding “depth of invasion”) could be applied to prognosticate subcutaneous MCTs, however, due to the low number of high‐grade tumors no conclusion could be drawn. The most recent study by Cherzan et al 42 . demonstrated that histologic parameters used in grading cutaneous MCTs such as multinucleation, infiltrative growth pattern, or mitotic count were also prognostic in a subset of more aggressive subcutaneous MCTs.…”

Signalment of dogs and histopathological features of subcutaneous and cutaneous mast cell tumors

“…Earlier, in terms of prognosis, it was believed that the majority of scMCTs exhibited a favorable prognosis compared to cMCTs, with extended survival times and low metastatic rates and recurrence rates (4% and 8%, respectively) [7]. Later studies solely focusing on scMCTs, however, reported that a larger proportion of the scMCT cases might exhibit an aggressive biologic behavior [10,[12][13][14]. Our study aimed to describe signalment of dogs and histopathological features of scMCTs and cMCTs across a large dataset of canine MCTs of the skin.…”