Factors affecting Production of Cellulose at the Air/ Liquid Interface of a Culture of Acetobacter xylinum

Schramm, Michael; Hestrin, S.

doi:10.1099/00221287-11-1-123

Cited by 333 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Loose sisal or hemp fibers (0.5 g, 10 cm long) or fiber mats (4 × 4 cm) were put in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 90 mL of culture medium which composed of 50 g/L fructose, 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L peptone, 2.7 g/L Na 2 HPO 4 , and 1.15 g/L citric acid. The medium was formulated after H&S medium 33 but with higher content of sugar and with fructose in place of glucose. This formulation was found to promote the production of bacterial cellulose with stable pH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Triggered biodegradable composites made entirely from renewable resources are urgently sought after to improve material recyclability or be able to divert materials from waste streams. Many biobased polymers and natural fibers usually display poor interfacial adhesion when combined in a composite material. Here we propose a way to modify the surfaces of natural fibers by utilizing bacteria (Acetobacter xylinum) to deposit nanosized bacterial cellulose around natural fibers, which enhances their adhesion to renewable polymers. This paper describes the process of modifying large quantities of natural fibers with bacterial cellulose through their use as substrates for bacteria during fermentation. The modified fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, single fiber tensile tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inverse gas chromatography to determine their surface and mechanical properties. The practical adhesion between the modified fibers and the renewable polymers cellulose acetate butyrate and poly(L-lactic acid) was quantified using the single fiber pullout test.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acetobacter xylinum strain ATCC 23769 from the American Type Culture Collection was maintained on mannitol agar slants. Pellicles were produced at liquid-air interfaces of standing cultures in Schramm and Hestrin's glucose medium (10) at 250. Pellicles aged hr were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum: visualization of the site of synthesis and direct measurement of the in vivo process.

Brown¹,

Willison²,

Richardson³

1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

430

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vivo synthesis of cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum was monitored by darkfield light microscopy. Cellulose is synthesized in the form of a ribbon projecting from the pole of the bacterial rod. The Cellulose biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum has been widely investigated (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). It is generally believed that the synthesis of microfibrils occurs by an extracellular process involving the sequential addition of glucose residues to the growing tips at a distance from the cell (5-7). The biochemical reactions of cellulose synthesis have been extensively documented, the intermediate products being hexose phosphates (8), sugar nucleotides (9), and perhaps glycolipids (6). However, recent findings from kinetic data (1) and biochemical incorporation studies using defined cell wall extracts (2-4) indicate a closer relationship than previously expected between the bacterial envelope and the cellulose polymer.The purpose of this investigation is to clarify and lay groundwork on the cytology of cellulose formation in Acetobacter xylinum. In order to achieve this, we have carefully observed the dynamics of the in vWo process, using darkfield and Nomarski interference microscopy. We (Fig. 1)

show abstract

“…Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53582 was grown in SchrammHestrin (SH) medium 8 either on a rotary shaker at 30°C or under static conditions. To obtain a uniform suspension of G. xylinus cells lacking cellulose, 0.1% (v/v) filter-sterilized cellulose (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to cultures.…”

Section: Bacteria Growth Medium and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellulose biofilm produced by this organism has been the subject of intense investigation due to its purity, mechanical strength, and high crystallinity. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] These properties make bacterial cellulose useful for a variety of industrial applications. 3,[12][13][14][15] Despite decades of study, the complete cellulose biosynthetic pathway has not yet been elucidated; there is still much to learn about its regulation, export mechanisms and assembly into the crystallized form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of phytohormones on the growth, cellulose production and pellicle properties of Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53582

Qureshi

Sohail

Latos

et al. 2013

Acetic Acid Bacteria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gluconacetobacter xylinus is a plant-associated bacterium best studied for its cellulose production. Bacterial cellulose is important in facilitating plant-microbe interactions but little is known about the effect that exogenous phytohormones have on bacterial cellulose synthesis or the growth of G. xylinus. We characterized the growth, development and effect on pellicle characteristics caused by exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin (Z) over a range of concentrations (1 nM to 100 μM). These phytohormones are plant growth regulators known to be involved plant development including fruit ripening and stress tolerance. Each of these hormones stimulated G. xylinus growth and influenced its pellicle characteristics. Exogenous IAA had the greatest effect on G. xylinus pellicles. Growth in IAA produced thin pellicles with very little cellulose. In general, pellicle wet weight was inversely proportional to the bacterial cellulose yield when cultures were grown in the presence of ABA, suggesting ABA influenced pellicle density and hydration. The crystallinity index, CI (IR) of cellulose produced in the presence of each phytohormone over a variety of concentrations was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The observed effect on cellulose crystallinity was concentration and hormone dependent. GA caused the greatest alterations in crystallinity with the highest CI (IR)=0.94 at 1 μM and the lowest CI (IR)=0.47 at 500 nM. Endogenous production of hormones by G. xylinus was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography of extracts prepared from both cell pellets and culture supernatants. We found G. xylinus synthesized GA, ABA and Z but did not produce IAA.

show abstract

Factors affecting Production of Cellulose at the Air/ Liquid Interface of a Culture of Acetobacter xylinum

Cited by 333 publications

References 8 publications

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

Surface Modification of Natural Fibers Using Bacteria: Depositing Bacterial Cellulose onto Natural Fibers To Create Hierarchical Fiber Reinforced Nanocomposites

Cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum: visualization of the site of synthesis and direct measurement of the in vivo process.

The effect of phytohormones on the growth, cellulose production and pellicle properties of Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53582

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About