Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation Day 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd

López‐Gatius, F.; Santolaria, P.; Yániz, J.L.; Rutllant, J.; López-Béjar, Manel

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00715-4

Cited by 162 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In the study of Grimard et al (2006), there was no relationship between LEM/FM measured between 21 to 24 days after AI and 80 to 100 days and EBV for milk production in Holstein cows. This might be the particularity of our three low EBV bulls, as previously observed by Lopez-Gatius et al (2002) for one bull and requires further studies to be confirmed.Thus far, FF-EEM and LEM have been combined while investigating genetic effects on D56 NRR (Holmberg and Andersson-Eklund, 2006;Ben Jemaa et al, 2008;Sahana et al, 2010). NRRs on D28, D56, D90 and D282 were used for fine mapping of QTLs (Guillaume et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…An effect of milk yield on LEM was previously observed by Michel et al (2003) and Cutullic et al (2012), but not by Chebel et al (2004) and Freret et al (2006). When studying LEM and early foetal mortality together (between 21 and 90 days of pregnancy), milk yield was already identified as a variation factor for pregnancy loss (Grimard et al, 2006;Zobel et al, 2011) but not in all studies (Lopez-Gatius et al, 2002;Silke et al, 2002;Santos et al, 2009). In these last three trials, the authors recorded body condition score (BCS) at calving, at AI and/or its variations between calving and AI or during early pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Ledoux

Ponsart²,

Grimard

et al. 2015

Animal

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We investigated the effect of maternal sire on early pregnancy failure (between D0, day of insemination and D90) in their progeny during the first and second lactations (n = 3508) in the Holstein breed. The estimated breeding value (EBV) for cow fertility of 12 bulls (reliability ⩾ 0.95) was used to create the following three groups: low, medium and high EBV (EBV from − 0.7 to 1 expressed as genetic standard deviation relative to the mean of the breed). In their daughters (93 to 516 per bull), progesterone measurement was carried out on the day of artificial insemination (AI; D0) to check whether the cows were in the follicular phase and on D18 to 25 to assess non-fertilisation-early embryonic mortality (NF-EEM). Late embryonic mortality (LEM) and early foetal death (FD) were determined by ultrasonography on D45 and D90 and by the return to oestrus after the first AI. Frequencies of NF-EEM, LEM, FD and pregnancy were 33.3%, 11.7%, 1.4% and 48.5% and incidences were 35.1, 19.0, 2.7 and 51.1, respectively. Sire EBV was significantly related to the incidences of pregnancy failure between D0 and D90, fertilisation failure-early embryonic mortality (FF-EEM) and LEM but not to the incidence of FD between D45 and D90 of pregnancy. The relative risk (RR) of FF-EEM was significantly higher (RR = 1.2; P < 0.05) for the progeny group of low EBV bulls when compared with high EBV bulls. The same effect was observed when comparing LEM of the progeny groups from the low EBV bulls to those from moderate and high EBV bulls (RR, respectively, of 1.3 and 1.4; P < 005). The incidence of FF-EEM was significantly higher when cows were inseminated before 80 days postpartum compared with later, and for the extreme values of the difference between milk fat and protein content measured during the first 3 months of lactation. FF-EEM was also significantly related to the year of observation. The incidence of LEM was higher for the highest producing cows and was influenced by interaction between milk yield × lactation rank and milk yield × milk protein content. In conclusion, this study showed large differences in early pregnancy failure between progeny groups and highlights the interest of accurate characterisation of embryonic death in order to identify potential candidate genes for female fertility.Keywords: dairy cow, female fertility, embryonic death, genetic evaluation, genetic selection ImplicationsThe objective of this study was to improve our understanding of genetic effects on early pregnancy failure in Holstein dairy cows. Daughters of 12 bulls of known fertility estimated breeding value (calculated using the calving rate of their lactating progeny) were followed between D0 (day of first artificial insemination) and D90 to identify non-fertilisationearly embryonic death, late embryonic death and early foetal death. We showed that the sire had a large effect on the incidence of NF-EEM and LEM, but this did not explain all the differences between progeny groups. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of defining the pre...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

supporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Ledoux

Ponsart²,

Grimard

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…It has been suggested that one of the main causes of stillbirth and perinatal weakness in calves born to heifers is retarded fetal development as a result of low maternal feed intake at the terminal stage of pregnancy, combined with the stress of being housed with a new group. Similarly, dairy cows with a poor body condition score (1 point) have been reported to be 2.4 times more likely to lose their pregnancy during the early fetal stage (Lopez-Gatius et al, 2002;Silke et al, 2002). Maternal illness is also generally accepted as a potential cause of fetal death and abortion due to fever and/or the release of inflammatory products like prostaglandins into the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Non-infectious Causes Of Fetal Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the animal is pregnant, further interest in pregnancy diagnosis recedes until shortly before parturition, unless obvious signs of imminent fetal death or abortion are seen. Fetal loss rates of 5-6% between the time of pregnancy diagnosis and parturition are thought to be common in cattle (Baxter and Ward, 1997;Dunne et al, 2000), and it may reach 10% (Lopez-Gatius et al, 2002). In bovine pregnancies, resulting from the transfer of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos, higher embryonic and fetal loss rates have been reported (reviewed by Taverne et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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Although the majority of pregnancy failures occur during the embryonic period, reports indicate that approximately 5% of detected pregnancies are lost during the fetal period, underlining the fact that fetal death is a substantial cause of economic loss. However, examination for fetal development or death during pregnancy is not performed routinely in domestic animals, and reference curves for normal fetal growth are, therefore, scarce. In this paper, the numerous possible causes of fetal death are reviewed briefly, with emphasis on the role of placental problems in fetal death and impaired fetal viability. In this respect, the role of placental insufficiency as a cause of pregnancy loss in twin pregnancies in monotocous species is well known, whereas the abnormal placental development leading to retarded fetal growth during pregnancies in recipients of in vitro produced (IVP) or nuclear transfer (NT) embryos has been less extensively documented.Fetal viability or death can be evaluated using hormonal, chemical and ultrasonographic parameters. For example, the viability of the feto-placental unit can be examined by measuring maternal plasma concentrations of oestrone sulphate or the placental proteins, including pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and pregnancy-specific protein B-60 (PSPB-60). Low concentrations of any of these three indicate either no pregnancy, or if pregnancy was confirmed earlier, fetal death and abnormally high or low levels can indicate fetal abnormality.Ultrasound can be used to examine the fetal heart rate (FHR), the incidence of fetal movements (FM), the appearance of fetal fluids and the development of the fetus and placenta. However, although abnormal FHRs have been correlated to subsequent fetal death, it is important to remember that there is a large physiological variation in FHR at the end of gestation, due to different behavioural states and differences in FM patterns. Although monitoring fetal viability and death using hormonal and ultrasonographic evaluations is possible during pregnancy in domestic animals, there is considerable physiological variations in the 'normal' values. Therefore,- 82-83 (2004) [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430] suitable combinations of tests need to be identified and more accurate reference values generated before such approaches can be considered reliable for monitoring the status of individual fetuses.

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Reproductive Ultrasound of Female Cattle

Colloton¹

2014

Bovine Reproduction

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Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation Day 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd

Cited by 162 publications

References 30 publications

Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Sire effect on early and late embryonic death in French Holstein cattle

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Reproductive Ultrasound of Female Cattle

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