Factors affecting oral malodor in periodontitis and gingivitis patients

Abstract

Dental plaque, bleeding on probing, tongue coating, and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide-positive bacteria contribute to oral malodor, but with different degrees in periodontitis and gingivitis patients.

Prevalence and risk factors of halitosis in Japanese school children

“…Periodontal disease such as gingivitis or periodontitis has been reported to be a strong risk factor for halitosis in adults . Gingivitis was a significant predictor of halitosis on bivariate analysis, but the significance disappeared on multivariate analysis.…”

The effect of professional tooth cleaning or non‐surgical periodontal therapy on oral halitosis in patients with periodontal diseases. A systematic review

“…Periodontal diseases are frequently accompanied by halitosis, and periodontitis is known to be the second most common cause for oral halitosis right after tongue coating . Bacteria associated with gingivitis and/or periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis or Prevotella intermedia , are able to produce volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) .…”

Application of a portable gas chromatograph for quantitative measurement of canine oral malodor

“…The infl uence of periodontal disease on oral malodor development has been well reported (Tonzetich 1977;Rosenberg and McCulloche, 1992;Pham et al, 2012). Dogs used in this study had high oral thiol levels suggesting the presence of periodontal disease.…”