Factors affecting migration kinetics from a generic epoxy-phenolic food can coating system

Wagner, Janine; Castle, Laurence; Oldring, P. K. T.; Moschakis, Thomas; Wedzicha, B.L.

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.059

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The higher migration levels and more TMBPF epoxy migrant species can be caused by differences in can coating formulation and application conditions such as the baking temperature and curing time. Several studies also demonstrate that the extent of the bisphenol can coating migration phenomenon may depend on various factors including coating thickness and particle size, time and temperature of retort processing, interactions between the coating and food constituents, and denting or other physical damage to the can [6,41,42]. Other bisphenol migrants including BPA, BPC, and BPF were only found in the beverage can lid samples.…”

Section: Identification and Semi-quantitation Of Coating-borne Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings

2020

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Bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resins have wide applications as food-contact materials such as metal can coatings. However, negative consumer perceptions toward BPA have driven the food packaging industry to develop other alternatives. In this study, four different metal cans and their lids manufactured with different BPA-replacement food-contact coatings are subjected to migration testing in order to identify migratory chemical species from the coatings. Migration tests are conducted using food simulants and conditions of use corresponding to the intended applications and regulatory guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high resolution GC-MS. The migratory compounds identified include short chain cyclic polyester migrants from polyester-based coatings and bisphenol-type migrants including tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), tetramethyl bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (TMBPF DGE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol C (BPC), and other related monomers or oligomers. The concentration of the migrants is estimated using an internal standard, and validated trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization GC-MS methods are developed to specifically quantify TMBPF, BPF, BPC, and BPA in the coatings. The results will aid the safety evaluation of new food-contact material coating technology based on TMBPF chemistry and will provide an important reference for the industry in identifying and quantifying non-BPA coating-borne migrants.

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Section: Identification and Semi-quantitation Of Coating-borne Migrantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings

2020

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“…Due to by-product formations, incomplete polymerization, degradation processes, etc., the obtained epoxy resins are not pure compounds and may contain contaminants that can easily migrate into the surrounding medium, such as food or beverages [1][2][3]. This problem has prompted a vast number of studies devoted to the analysis of migrants (mainly BPA, BADGE, and its conjugates), which are present in the food-contact can-coatings [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

et al. 2021

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The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

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“…These methods are often used in conjunction with solid phase extraction (SPE) or liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) due to the complexity of food material, which require not only high reagents consumption, expensive instrument, long detection period but also cumbersome sample treatment . The migration of BADGE in can inwall coatings are also studied, results demonstrating that the migration and derivatization of BADGE are affected by many factors, such as the craft of epoxy phenolic resin polymer films, sterilization temperature, storage time of can, and the type of food contacted, which made the detection of BADGE more difficult. So, a simple, fast and convenient method for the detection of BADGE is very meaningful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for the Selective Determination of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether

Zeng

et al. 2020

ChemistrySelect

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In this manuscript, a sensitive and selective molecular imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in canned oil was developed. Using BADGE as template, pyrrole as functional monomer, after electropolymerization and elution processes, the molecular imprinted film for the special recognition of BADGE was prepared on the surface of platinum disk electrode. Every step in the experiment was verified by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), microscopic fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Micro‐FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental parameters in the assay were optimized, and the linear range of the MIP sensor was 0.05 μmol dm−3 to 10 μmol dm−3 with the detection limit of 0.04 μmol dm−3 based on S/N=3. The sensor was applied to edible oil samples for detection with a good accuracy, which could be used as a new strategy for sensitive, rapid, simple and cost‐effective screening of BADGE.

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Factors affecting migration kinetics from a generic epoxy-phenolic food can coating system

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings

Identification and Quantitation Studies of Migrants from BPA Alternative Food-Contact Metal Can Coatings

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

An Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for the Selective Determination of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether

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