Factors affecting infant mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS); a multilevel analysis

Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie; Wolde, Haileab Fekadu; Lakew, Ayenew Molla

doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03002-x

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The implementation of effective health policies varies by location, which could be the cause of this geographical variation. This is similar to prior studies [ 54 – 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with post-neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: Using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

et al. 2022

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Background Post-neonatal mortality is the number of deaths of infants aged 28 days through 11 months and is expressed as post-neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence post-neonatal death using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey (EMDHS2019). Methods The study included 2126 post neonates born from mothers who had been interviewed about births in the five years before the survey. The survey gathering period was carried out from March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019. The data were first analyzed with a chi-square test of association, and then relevant factors were evaluated with binary logistic regression models and the results were interpreted using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and confidence interval(CI) of parameters. Results The prevalence of post neonatal death was 16% (95% CI: 15.46, 17.78). The study also showed that not vaccinated post-neonates (AOR = 2.325, 95% CI: 1.784, 3.029), mothers who were not receiving any tetanus injection (AOR = 2.891, 95% CI: 2.254, 3.708), mothers age group 15-24(AOR = 1.836, 95% CI: 1.168, 2.886), Afar (AOR = 2.868, 95% CI: 1.264, 6.506), Somali(AOR = 2.273, 95% CI: 1.029, 5.020), Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region(SNNP) (AOR = 2.619, 95% CI: 1.096, 6.257), 2–4 birth orders (AOR = 1.936, 95% CI: 1.225, 3.060), not attend antenatal care(ANC) visit (AOR = 6.491, 95% CI: 3.928, 10.726), and preceding birth interval less than 24 months (AOR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.363,2.261) statistically associated with a higher risk of post neonatal death. Although not given anything other than breast milk (AOR = 0.604, 95% CI 0.462, 0.789), urban residents (AOR = 0.545, 95% CI: 0.338, 0.877), single births (AOR = 0.150, 95% CI: 0.096, 0.234), less than 3 children in a family (AOR = 0.665, 95% CI 0.470, 0.939) and the head of the male household (AOR = 0.442, 95% CI: 0.270, 0.724) were statistically associated with a lower risk of post-neonatal mortality. Conclusions It is highly suggested that maternal and child health care services (including antenatal care visits, postnatal care visits, and immunization) be strengthened and monitored during the early stages of infancy. Mothers from Somali, Afar, and SNNP regions, as well as multiple births, rural residents, and those giving birth to a child with a birth gap of fewer than 24 months, demand special care.

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“…The implementation of effective health policies varies by location, which could be the cause of this geographical variation. This is similar to prior studies [ 54 – 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors associated with post-neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: Using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

et al. 2022

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“…The risk of death among male infants was more likely as compared to female infants in the same clusters. This result is in line with studies conducted in Ethiopia [15], and Bangladesh [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This study also demonstrated that the odds of death among multiple births were 6.82 times more likely than singletons in the same clusters. This nding is consistent with studies conducted in Ethiopia [15,19], Kenya [20] and Brazil [21]. Multiple births are at high risk for numerous negative birth outcomes, and these outcomes contribute to a higher rate of mortality during the infancy period [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The odds of infant death among rural residents was more likely as compared to their counterpart urban residents. This nding is consistent with studies conducted in Ethiopia [15], Nigeria [25], and Pakistan [12]. The reason may be that mothers living in rural areas lack access to health institutions to have ANC follow-ups or lack of media exposure which in turn affects their knowledge and practice of care for the infant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Spatial Distribution of Infant Mortality in Ethiopia: Using Demographic Health Survey, the Ethiopia

Kefale¹,

Woya

Tekile

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Mortality is one of the demographic variables that affect population trends. Among mortality of children, Infant mortality contributed to more than 75% of all under-five deaths globally. It disproportionately affects those living in the different regions of countries and within the region. Exploring the spatial distribution and identifying associated factors is important to design effective intervention programs to reduce infant mortality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of infant mortality in Ethiopia using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Method The Data this study were used Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey in 2016. A total of 11,023 live births from the EDHS data were included in the analysis. Spatial analysis was done to explore spatial distribution of infant mortality using ArcGIS version 10.4. Results This study revealed that the spatial distribution of infant mortality was non-random in the country with Moran’s index 0.1546 (P-value=0.0185). The Afar and Somali regions of Ethiopia were identified in this study on the hot spot of infant mortality. Conclusions The spatial distribution of infant mortality varies across the country. ANC usage, sex of a child, birth interval, birth size, birth type, birth order, wealth index, residence, region, and the spatial variable (Si) were significant predictors of infant mortality. Therefore, it needs interventions in the hot spot areas. Focusing on maternal health care services, rural residences, multiple births, infants having a smaller birth size, and male infants deserves special attention.

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“…Furthermore, the estimated infant mortality rate in this country was greater in rural areas (62 per 1000 live births) than in urban areas (54 per 1000 live births) and compared to the national average (48 per 1000 live births) 7 , 18 . Although various studies have been undertaken in Ethiopia to investigate infant death rates and risk factors 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , little study has been conducted in rural Ethiopia. This lack of epidemiologic study limits our understanding of the determinant to prioritize for evidence-based programming in this high-risk region of infant mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community and individual level determinants of infant mortality in rural Ethiopia using data from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Fenta

Ayenew

Fenta

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The infant mortality rate remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan African countries. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of infant death. This study aimed to identify individual-and community-level factors associated with infant death in the rural part of Ethiopia. The data for the study was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8667 newborn children were included in the analysis. The multilevel logistic regression model was considered to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with new born mortality. The random effect model found that 87.68% of the variation in infant mortality was accounted for by individual and community level variables. Multiple births (AOR = 4.35; 95%CI: 2.18, 8.69), small birth size (AOR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.52), unvaccinated infants (AOR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.75, 2.37), unprotected source of water (AOR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.80), and non-latrine facilities (AOR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.20) were associated with a higher risk of infant mortality. While delivery in a health facility (AOR = 0.25; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.32), maternal age 35–49 years (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.86), mothers receiving four or more TT injections during pregnancy (AOR = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.071), and current breast feeders (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.42) were associated with a lower risk of infant mortality. Furthermore, Infant mortality rates were also higher in Afar, Amhara, Oromia, Somalia, and Harari than in Tigray. Infant mortality in rural Ethiopia is higher than the national average. The government and other concerned bodies should mainly focus on multiple births, unimproved breastfeeding culture, and the spacing between the orders of birth to reduce infant mortality. Furthermore, community-based outreach activities and public health interventions focused on improving the latrine facility and source of drinking water as well as the importance of health facility delivery and received TT injections during the pregnancy.

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Factors affecting infant mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS); a multilevel analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Factors associated with post-neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: Using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

Factors associated with post-neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: Using the 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey

Spatial Distribution of Infant Mortality in Ethiopia: Using Demographic Health Survey, the Ethiopia

Community and individual level determinants of infant mortality in rural Ethiopia using data from 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

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