Factors affecting in-vehicle exposure to traffic-related air pollutants: A review

Campagnolo, Davide; Borghi, Francesca; Fanti, Giacomo; Keller, Marta; Rovelli, Sabrina; Spinazzè, Andrea; Cattaneo, Andrea; Cavallo, Domenico Maria

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119560

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In our study, in-vehicle PM 2.5 was higher for highways compared to local roads, similar to previous studies [27]. A previous scripted commute study found higher PM 2.5 on the New Jersey turnpike compared to local roads [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We were unable to control for traffic in this analysis, which has been associated with increased pollution exposures [27]. However, traffic and road features are difficult to disentangle because they are highly correlated [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the road density in grid cell i, we assigned maximum weight to roads within that grid cell (d 2 i,i = 1). Separately, we considered road density using the length of highways, which has been associated with increased in-vehicle pollution exposures [27,28], and local roads, which represent the majority of the road links in the dataset and are consistent with our previous work [38]. For the grid-cell size, we considered both 500 m and 1 km resolution.…”

Section: Study Design and Trip Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jung et al [24] also found children had a higher peak exposure to BC during commutes compared to home environments. Higher exposure to pollution occurs in high-traffic settings and on highway or urban streets compared to local roads [25][26][27][28]. Using scripted commutes in Birmingham, UK, in-vehicle PM 2.5 exposures were higher on urban roads compared to suburban roads [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Krall,

Thornburg,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environments

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Increased daily exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is associated with increased morbidity, yet high exposures over shorter timeframes (e.g., hourly) may also play a role. Transportation is a milieu for increased transient pollution exposures. Both the road traveled and nearby roadways (i.e., surrounding road density) may play a role in increased PM2.5 exposure during commutes. For 2311 min of commutes, corresponding to 25 participants, we obtained in-vehicle PM2.5 exposures using personal monitors and, through GPS data, road features, including road density and road type (e.g., highway vs. local roads). We considered the density of both the surrounding highways and the local roads at 500 m and 1000 m resolutions. We estimated associations of road features with minute-averaged in-vehicle PM2.5 by applying linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and autoregressive errors. The difference in log PM2.5, comparing the highest vs. lowest quartile of highway road density at 1 km resolution, was 0.09 log μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0, 0.19), which was similar to the difference between driving on highways vs. local roads (0.07 log μg/m3 (95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.14)). Estimated differences were attenuated for local road density and 500 m resolution. The results were robust to adjustment for meteorology and ambient PM2.5. Unlike road features such as speed and road type, the surrounding road density is less modifiable during transportation. Therefore, road choice may not have a large impact on personal PM2.5 exposures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Trip Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Krall,

Thornburg,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environments

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“…Today, High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are available that can trap 99% of 0.3 µm particles. Within-vehicle exposure for particles and gases can also be reduced by closing windows and keeping air conditioning on the "circulate" setting [46,47]. The low BC concentration further from the highway (WH, WR) reflects more effective atmospheric mixing during neutral or moderately unstable air in spring.…”

Section: Mobile Campaign Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Carbon along a Highway and in a Residential Neighborhood during Rush-Hour Traffic in a Cold Climate

Andradóttir,

Hjartardóttir,

Thorsteinsson

2024

Atmosphere

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Short-term exposure to ultra-fine Black Carbon (BC) particles produced during incomplete fuel combustion of wood and fossil fuel has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, hospitalizations and premature deaths. The goal of this research was to assess traffic-related BC in a cold climate along an urban highway and 300 m into an adjacent residential neighborhood. BC was measured with an aethalometer (MA350, Aethlabs) along the main traffic artery in geothermally heated Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland (64.135° N–21.895° W, 230,000 inhabitants). Stationary monitoring confirmed that traffic was the dominant source of roadside BC in winter, averaging 1.0 ± 1.1 µg/m3 (0.6 and 1.1 µg/m3 median and interquartile range; 28,000 vehicles/day). Inter-day variations in BC were primarily correlated to the atmospheric lapse rate and wind speed, both during stationary and mobile campaigns. During winter stills, BC levels surpassed 10 µg/m3 at intersections and built up to 5 µg/m3 during the afternoon in the residential neighborhood (adjacent to the highway with 43,000 vehicles/day). The BC penetrated deeply into the neighborhood, where the lowest concentration was 1.8 µg/m3 within 300 m. BC concentration was highly correlated to nitrogen dioxide (r > 0.8) monitored at the local Urban Traffic Monitoring site.

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Modal shift, environmental benefits and population exposure assessment on contingent transport policies

Han,

Liu,

Zhong

2024

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Factors affecting in-vehicle exposure to traffic-related air pollutants: A review

Cited by 7 publications

References 94 publications

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Short-Term Associations of Road Density and Road Features with In-Vehicle PM2.5 during Daily Trips in the Washington, D.C. Metro Area

Black Carbon along a Highway and in a Residential Neighborhood during Rush-Hour Traffic in a Cold Climate

Modal shift, environmental benefits and population exposure assessment on contingent transport policies

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